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Candidatus Dirofilaria hongkongensis as Causative Agent of Human Ocular Filariosis after Travel to India.

ABSTRACT: We report a human case of ocular Dirofilaria infection in a traveler returning to Austria from India. Analysis of mitochondrial sequences identified the worm as Candidatus Dirofilaria hongkongensis, a close relative of Dirofilaria repens, which was only recently described in Hong Kong and proposed as a new species.

SUBMITTER: Winkler S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5547781 | biostudies-literature | 2017 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Candidatus Dirofilaria hongkongensis as Causative Agent of Human Ocular Filariosis after Travel to India.

Winkler Stefan S Pollreisz Andreas A Georgopoulos Michael M Bagò-Horvath Zsuzsanna Z Auer Herbert H To Kelvin Kai-Wang KK Krücken Jürgen J Poppert Sven S Walochnik Julia J

Emerging infectious diseases 20170801 8

We report a human case of ocular Dirofilaria infection in a traveler returning to Austria from India. Analysis of mitochondrial sequences identified the worm as Candidatus Dirofilaria hongkongensis, a close relative of Dirofilaria repens, which was only recently described in Hong Kong and proposed as a new species. ...[more]

PMID: 28726623

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Project description:BackgroundCutaneous dirofilariosis is a canine mosquito-borne zoonosis that can cause larva migrans disease in humans. Dirofilaria repens is considered an emerging pathogen occurring with high prevalence in Mediterranean areas and many parts of tropical Asia. In Hong Kong, a second species, Candidatus Dirofilaria hongkongensis, has been reported. The present study aimed to compare mitochondrial genomes from these parasites and to obtain population genetic information.Methods and findingsComplete mitochondrial genomes were obtained by PCR and Sanger sequencing or ILLUMINA sequencing for four worms. Cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 sequences identified three as D. repens (all from Europe) and one as C. D. hongkongensis (from India). Mitochondrial genomes have the same organization as in other spirurid nematodes but a higher preference for thymine in the coding strand. Phylogenetic analysis was in contradiction to current taxonomy of the Onchocercidae but in agreement with a recent multi-locus phylogenetic analysis using both mitochondrial and nuclear markers. D. repens and C. D. hongkongensis sequences clustered together and were the common sister group to Dirofilaria immitis. Analysis of a 2.5 kb mitochondrial genome fragment from macrofilaria or canine blood samples from Europe (42), Thailand (2), India (1) and Vietnam (1) revealed only small genetic differences in the D. repens samples including all European and the Vietnam sample. The Indian C. D. hongkongensis and the two Thai samples formed separate clusters and differences were comparatively large.ConclusionGenetic differences between Dirofilaria spp. causing cutaneous disease can be considerable whereas D. repens itself was genetically quite homogenous. C. D. hongkongensis was identified for the first time from the Indian subcontinent. The full mitochondrial genome sequence strengthens the hypothesis that it represents an independent species and the Thai samples might represent another cryptic species, Candidatus Dirofilaria sp. 'Thailand II', or a quite divergent population of C. D. hongkongensis.

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Candidatus Dirofilaria hongkongensis as Causative Agent of Human Ocular Filariosis after Travel to India.

Publications

Candidatus Dirofilaria hongkongensis as Causative Agent of Human Ocular Filariosis after Travel to India.

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