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Synergistic Effects of Arsenic Trioxide and Radiation: Triggering the Intrinsic Pathway of Apoptosis

ABSTRACT: Background:Arsenic trioxide (ATO) has been reported as an effective anti-cancer and a US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved drug for treatment of some cancers. The aim of this study was to determine the underlying apoptosis molecular and cellular mechanisms of ATO in the presence or absence of ionizing radiation (IR) in vitro in the glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) cell line, U87MG. Methods:Cells were treated by different concentrations of ATO either in presence or absence of IR. Viability and apoptosis pathway of both treated and control groups were evaluated using MTT assay and the expression analysis of Bax, Bcl-2, and caspase-3 genes, respectively. All treatments were performed on 100-?m diameter spheroids. Results:Results showed a significant reduction in the survival of the cells in all treated groups. As expected, cell survival was much less in combination treatment than treatment with only ATO. Moreover, combination therapy made Bax and caspase-3 up-regulated and Bcl-2 down-regulated. Conclusion:ATO and radiation had a synergistic apoptotic effect on GBM cells by up-regulation of caspase-3 and alteration of the Bax-Bcl-2 balance; therefore, ATO may act as a potential anti-cancer agent against GBM cells through triggering the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis.

SUBMITTER: Moloudi K

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5548965 | biostudies-literature | 2017 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Synergistic Effects of Arsenic Trioxide and Radiation: Triggering the Intrinsic Pathway of Apoptosis

Moloudi Kave K Neshasteriz Ali A Hosseini Arshad A Eyvazzadeh Nazila N Shomali Mehdi M Eynali Samira S Mirzaei Elahe E Azarnezhad Asaad A

Iranian biomedical journal 20170501 5

<h4>Background</h4>Arsenic trioxide (ATO) has been reported as an effective anti-cancer and a US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved drug for treatment of some cancers. The aim of this study was to determine the underlying apoptosis molecular and cellular mechanisms of ATO in the presence or absence of ionizing radiation (IR) in vitro in the glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) cell line, U87MG.<h4>Methods</h4>Cells were treated by different concentrations of ATO either in presence or absence o ...[more]

PMID: 28459147

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Project description:BACKGROUND:At present, it is generally believed that leukemia stem cells are the source of AML, so the killing of leukemia stem cells has become important. Previous studies have suggested that HHT combined with ATO can synergistically kill U937 cells, and HHT has also demonstrated the ability to kill leukemia stem cells. We evaluated whether HHT combined with ATO can systematically kill leukemia stem cells (LSCs) and explored the synergistic effect and molecular mechanism. METHODS:CCK-8 was used to detect cell viability. The changes of cell cycle (PI staining), apoptosis (Annexin V/PI) and surface markers (CD34, CD38, CD96, CD45) were detected by flow cytometry. The cells of CD34+ primary leukemia and CD38- KG-1, and TF-1 were separated by flow cytometry. High-throughput mRNA sequencing was used to analysis mRNA level changes after the application of the two drugs. Western blot was used to verify the changes of pathway protein expression. NRG mice were used as the receptor of xenograft model. Histological H&E staining assess the invaded ability of leukemia cells, and laser scanning confocal microscopy evaluated the molecule markers change. RESULTS:HHT and ATO synergistically killed KG-1 (CD34+/CD96+/CD38+/-) and Kasumi-1 (CD34+/CD38-) cells. Their combination had a stronger effect of inducing apoptosis and blocking the cell cycle than HHT or ATO administrator alone, meanwhile significantly reducing the numbers of LSCs. Further, CD34+CD38- cells in KG-1, KG-1a, TF-1, and primary leukemia cells were more sensitive to HHT and ATO. High-throughput mRNA sequencing suggested that HHT alone could significantly upregulate molecules related to the Notch, P53, and NF-?B signaling pathways. When combined with ATO, HHT further upregulated P53, whereas HHT-induced NF-?B pathway activation was significantly suppressed. Western blot analysis verified the change of protein expression in the above pathways and further demonstrated that GSI, could eliminate these effects. In vivo, HHT combined with ATO significantly reduced the LSC burden, and weakened the expression of LSC markers. CONCLUSIONS:This is the first evidence that HHT combined with arsenic can synergistically kill LSCs in vitro and in vivo, along with identification of the underlying mechanism, highlighting a potentially effective treatment strategy.

Dataset Information

Synergistic Effects of Arsenic Trioxide and Radiation: Triggering the Intrinsic Pathway of Apoptosis

Publications

Synergistic Effects of Arsenic Trioxide and Radiation: Triggering the Intrinsic Pathway of Apoptosis

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