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Ectodysplasin A protein promotes corneal epithelial cell proliferation.

ABSTRACT: The EDA gene encodes ectodysplasin A (Eda), which if mutated causes X-linked hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (XLHED) disease in humans. Ocular surface changes occur in XLHED patients whereas its underlying mechanism remains elusive. In this study, we found Eda was highly expressed in meibomian glands, and it was detected in human tears but not serum. Corneal epithelial integrity was defective and the thickness was reduced in the early postnatal stage of Eda mutant Tabby mice. Corneal epithelial cell proliferation decreased and the epithelial wound healing was delayed in Tabby mice, whereas it was restored by exogenous Eda. Eda exposure promoted mouse corneal epithelial wound healing during organ culture, whereas scratch wound assay showed that it did not affect human corneal epithelial cell line migration. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), phosphorylated EGFR (p-EGFR), and phosphorylated ERK1/2 (p-ERK) were down-regulated in Tabby mice corneal epithelium. Eda treatment up-regulated the expression of Ki67, EGFR, p-EGFR, and p-ERK in human corneal epithelial cells in a dose-dependent manner. In conclusion, Eda protein can be secreted from meibomian glands and promotes corneal epithelial cell proliferation through regulation of the EGFR signaling pathway. Eda release into the tears plays an essential role in the maintenance of corneal epithelial homeostasis.

SUBMITTER: Li S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5555198 | biostudies-literature | 2017 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Ectodysplasin A protein promotes corneal epithelial cell proliferation.

Li Sanming S Zhou Jing J Bu Jinghua J Ning Ke K Zhang Liying L Li Juan J Guo Yuli Y He Xin X He Hui H Cai Xiaoxin X Chen Yongxiong Y Reinach Peter Sol PS Liu Zuguo Z Li Wei W

The Journal of biological chemistry 20170627 32

The EDA gene encodes ectodysplasin A (Eda), which if mutated causes X-linked hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (XLHED) disease in humans. Ocular surface changes occur in XLHED patients whereas its underlying mechanism remains elusive. In this study, we found Eda was highly expressed in meibomian glands, and it was detected in human tears but not serum. Corneal epithelial integrity was defective and the thickness was reduced in the early postnatal stage of Eda mutant Tabby mi ...[more]

PMID: 28655773

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Project description:PurposeDual specificity phosphatases (DUSPs) modulate the duration and magnitude of phospho-activation of Erk1/2, p38 and JNK1/2, the terminal kinases (TKs) of the mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades. Three DUSPs, DUSP1, DUSP5, and DUSP6, are overexpressed in ocular surface side population stem cells (SPSCs). Our objective was to identify the impact of these enzymes on TK phosphorylation and proliferation of corneal epithelial cells.MethodsSV40 immortalized (sv) and expanded fresh human corneal epithelial cells (efHCECs) were transduced with lentivectors to elicit expression of shRNAmir against DUSP1, DUSP5, and JNK1 to thereby create the DUSP1i, DUSP5i and JNKi cell sublines, or overexpress DUSP6 (henceforth DUSP6(+)), respectively. TK phosphorylation status and proliferation rates were determined by immunoblotting and (3)H thymidine uptake.ResultsIn both ef and svHCECs, EGF supplementation after a 24 h serum starvation caused a rapid 5-15 min spike in the phosphorylation of all three TK types. This was followed by gradual decreases to low phosphorylation levels within one h. These declines coincided with dramatic increases in DUSP1 and DUSP5 protein expression. In DUSP1i, the DUSP1 increase was abolished. All 3 TKs maintained high phosphorylation levels for at least 90 min and proliferation rates were unchanged from non-transduced cells. In DUSP5i, the DUSP5 protein increase was prevented, the post peak phosphorylation decrease occurred only on Erk1/2 and the proliferation rate increased by 50%-60%. In JNK1i, JNK1 was essentially knocked out and proliferation rates were also markedly elevated. At steady-state, DUSP1i maintained high levels of pJNK1/2 expression. In DUSP6(+) Erk1/2 phosphorylation was prevented and proliferation rates decreased to less than 50%.ConclusionsDUSP5 and DUSP6 selectively control ERK pathway activity and proliferation. The lack of an effect of DUSP1 knockdown on proliferation can be attributed to its pan-MAPK effect. The expected augmented proliferative response due to enhanced and prolonged phosphorylation of Erk1/2 following DUSP1 knockdown does not occur because a pJNK1/2 antiproliferative effect is simultaneously unleashed.

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Ectodysplasin A protein promotes corneal epithelial cell proliferation.

Publications

Ectodysplasin A protein promotes corneal epithelial cell proliferation.

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