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Computational and experimental analysis of short peptide motifs for enzyme inhibition.

ABSTRACT: The metabolism of living systems involves many enzymes that play key roles as catalysts and are essential to biological function. Searching ligands with the ability to modulate enzyme activities is central to diagnosis and therapeutics. Peptides represent a promising class of potential enzyme modulators due to the large chemical diversity, and well-established methods for library synthesis. Peptides and their derivatives are found to play critical roles in modulating enzymes and mediating cellular uptakes, which are increasingly valuable in therapeutics. We present a methodology that uses molecular dynamics (MD) and point-variant screening to identify short peptide motifs that are critical for inhibiting ?-galactosidase (?-Gal). MD was used to simulate the conformations of peptides and to suggest short motifs that were most populated in simulated conformations. The function of the simulated motifs was further validated by the experimental point-variant screening as critical segments for inhibiting the enzyme. Based on the validated motifs, we eventually identified a 7-mer short peptide for inhibiting an enzyme with low ?M IC50. The advantage of our methodology is the relatively simplified simulation that is informative enough to identify the critical sequence of a peptide inhibitor, with a precision comparable to truncation and alanine scanning experiments. Our combined experimental and computational approach does not rely on a detailed understanding of mechanistic and structural details. The MD simulation suggests the populated motifs that are consistent with the results of the experimental alanine and truncation scanning. This approach appears to be applicable to both natural and artificial peptides. With more discovered short motifs in the future, they could be exploited for modulating biocatalysis, and developing new medicine.

SUBMITTER: Fu J

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5557489 | biostudies-literature | 2017

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Computational and experimental analysis of short peptide motifs for enzyme inhibition.

Fu Jinglin J Larini Luca L Cooper Anthony J AJ Whittaker John W JW Ahmed Azka A Dong Junhao J Lee Minyoung M Zhang Ting T

PloS one 20170815 8

The metabolism of living systems involves many enzymes that play key roles as catalysts and are essential to biological function. Searching ligands with the ability to modulate enzyme activities is central to diagnosis and therapeutics. Peptides represent a promising class of potential enzyme modulators due to the large chemical diversity, and well-established methods for library synthesis. Peptides and their derivatives are found to play critical roles in modulating enzymes and mediating cellul ...[more]

PMID: 28809952

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Project description:Therapeutic modulation of protein interactions is challenging, but short linear motifs (SLiMs) represent potential targets. Focal adhesions play a central role in adhesion by linking cells to the extracellular matrix. Integrins are central to this process, and many other intracellular proteins are components of the integrin adhesome. We applied a peptide network targeting approach to explore the intracellular modulation of integrin function in platelets. Firstly, we computed a platelet-relevant integrin adhesome, inferred via homology of known platelet proteins to adhesome components. We then computationally selected peptides from the set of platelet integrin adhesome cytoplasmic and membrane adjacent protein-protein interfaces. Motifs of interest in the intracellular component of the platelet integrin adhesome were identified using a predictor of SLiMs based on analysis of protein primary amino acid sequences (SLiMPred), a predictor of strongly conserved motifs within disordered protein regions (SLiMPrints), and information from the literature regarding protein interactions in the complex. We then synthesized peptides incorporating these motifs combined with cell penetrating factors (tat peptide and palmitylation for cytoplasmic and membrane proteins respectively). We tested for the platelet activating effects of the peptides, as well as their abilities to inhibit activation. Bioactivity testing revealed a number of peptides that modulated platelet function, including those derived from α-actinin (ACTN1) and syndecan (SDC4), binding to vinculin and syntenin respectively. Both chimeric peptide experiments and peptide combination experiments failed to identify strong effects, perhaps characterizing the adhesome as relatively robust against within-adhesome synergistic perturbation. We investigated in more detail peptides targeting vinculin. Combined experimental and computational evidence suggested a model in which the positively charged tat-derived cell penetrating part of the peptide contributes to bioactivity via stabilizing charge interactions with a region of the ACTN1 negatively charged surface. We conclude that some interactions in the integrin adhesome appear to be capable of modulation by short peptides, and may aid in the identification and characterization of target sites within the complex that may be useful for therapeutic modulation.

Project description:BACKGROUND:Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is a deltaretrovirus infecting bovine B cells and causing enzootic bovine leucosis. The SU or surface subunit, gp51, of its envelope glycoprotein is involved in receptor recognition and virion attachment. It contains the major neutralizing and CD4+ and CD8+ T cell epitopes found in naturally infected animals. In this study, we aimed to determine global variation and conservation within gp51 in the context of developing an effective global BLV vaccine. RESULTS:A total of 256 sequences extracted from the NCBI database and collected in different parts of the world, were studied to identify conserved segments along the env gene sequences that encode the gp51 protein. Using the MEME server and the conserved DNA Region module for analysis within DnaSP, we identified six conserved segments, referred to as A-F, and five semi-conserved segments, referred to as G-K. The amino acid conservation ranged from 98.8 to 99.8% in conserved segments A to F, while segments G to K had 89.6-95.2% conserved amino acid sequence. Selection analysis of individual segments revealed that residues of conserved segments had undergone purifying selection, whereas, particular residues in the semi-conserved segments are currently undergoing positive selection, specifically at amino acid positions 48 in segment K, 74 in segment G, 82 in segment I, 133 and 142 in segment J, and residue 291 in segment H. Each of the codons for these six residues contain the most highly variable nucleotides within their respective semi-conserved segments. CONCLUSIONS:The data described here show that the consensus amino acid sequence constitutes a strong candidate from which a global vaccine can be derived for use in countries where eradication by culling is not economically feasible. The most conserved segments overlap with amino acids in known immunodeterminants, specifically in epitopes D-D', E-E', CD8+ T-cell epitopes, neutralizing domain 1 and CD4+ T-cell epitopes. Two of the segments reported here represent unique segments that do not overlap with previously identified antigenic determinants. We propose that evidence of positive selection in some residues of the semi-conserved segments suggests that their variation is involved in viral strategy to escape immune surveillance of the host.

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Computational and experimental analysis of short peptide motifs for enzyme inhibition.

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Computational and experimental analysis of short peptide motifs for enzyme inhibition.

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