Dataset Information

Prevalence of Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Strokes in Younger Adults.

ABSTRACT: Importance:While stroke mortality rates have decreased substantially in the past 2 decades, this trend has been primarily limited to older adults. Increasing trends in stroke incidence and hospitalizations have been noted among younger adults, but there has been concern that this reflected improved diagnosis through an increased use of imaging rather than representing a real increase. Objectives:To determine whether stroke hospitalization rates have continued to increase and to identify the prevalence of associated stroke risk factors among younger adults. Design, Setting, and Participants:Hospitalization data from the National Inpatient Sample from 1995 through 2012 were used to analyze acute stroke hospitalization rates among adults aged 18 to 64 years. Hospitalization data from 2003 to 2012 were used to identify the prevalence of associated risk factors for acute stroke. Acute stroke hospitalizations were identified by the principal International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification code and associated risk factors were identified by secondary International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification codes for each hospitalization. Main Outcomes and Measures:Trends in acute stroke hospitalization rates by stroke type, age, sex, and race/ethnicity, as well as the prevalence of associated risk factors by stroke type, age, and sex. Results:The 2003-2004 set included 362?339 hospitalizations and the 2011-2012 set included 421?815 hospitalizations. The major findings in this study are as follows: first, acute ischemic stroke hospitalization rates increased significantly for both men and women and for certain race/ethnic groups among younger adults aged 18 to 54 years; they have almost doubled for men aged 18 to 34 and 35 to 44 years since 1995-1996, with a 41.5% increase among men aged 35 to 44 years from 2003-2004 to 2011-2012. Second, the prevalence of stroke risk factors among those hospitalized for acute ischemic stroke continued to increase from 2003-2004 through 2011-2012 for both men and women aged 18 to 64 years (range of absolute increase: hypertension, 4%-11%; lipid disorders, 12%-21%; diabetes, 4%-7%; tobacco use, 5%-16%; and obesity, 4%-9%). Third, the prevalence of having 3 to 5 risk factors increased from 2003-2004 through 2011-2012 (men: from 9% to 16% at 18-34 years, 19% to 35% at 35-44 years, 24% to 44% at 45-54 years, and 26% to 46% at 55-64 years; women: 6% to 13% at 18-34 years, 15% to 32% at 35-44 years, 25% to 44% at 45-54 years, and 27% to 48% at 55-65 years; P for trend?

SUBMITTER: George MG

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5559660 | biostudies-literature | 2017 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Prevalence of Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Strokes in Younger Adults.

George Mary G MG Tong Xin X Bowman Barbara A BA

JAMA neurology 20170601 6

<h4>Importance</h4>While stroke mortality rates have decreased substantially in the past 2 decades, this trend has been primarily limited to older adults. Increasing trends in stroke incidence and hospitalizations have been noted among younger adults, but there has been concern that this reflected improved diagnosis through an increased use of imaging rather than representing a real increase.<h4>Objectives</h4>To determine whether stroke hospitalization rates have continued to increase and to id ...[more]

PMID: 28395017

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Project description:The prevalence of cardiovascular disease risk factors has increased worldwide. However, the prevalence and clustering of cardiovascular disease risk factors among Tibetans is currently unknown. We aimed to explore the prevalence and clustering of cardiovascular disease risk factors among Tibetan adults in China.In 2011, 1659 Tibetan adults (aged ≥ 18 years) from Changdu, China were recruited to this cross-section study. The questionnaire, physical examinations and laboratory testing were completed and the prevalence of cardiovascular disease risk factors, including hypertension, diabetes, overweight/obesity, dyslipidemia, and current smoking, were counted. The association between the clustering of cardiovascular disease risk factors and demographic characteristics, and geographic altitude were assessed.The age-standardized prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, overweight or obesity, dyslipidemia, and current smoking were 62.4%, 6.4%, 34.3%, 42.7%, and 6.1%, respectively, and these risk factors were associated with age, gender, education level, yearly family income, altitude, occupation, and butter tea consumption (P < 0.05). Overall, the age-adjusted prevalence of clustering of ≥ 1, ≥ 2, and ≥ 3 cardiovascular disease risk factors were 79.4%, 47.1%, and 20.9%, respectively. There appeared higher clustering of ≥ 2 and ≥ 3 cardiovascular disease risk factors among Tibetans with higher education level and family income yearly, and those living at an altitude < 3500 m and in a township.The prevalence of cardiovascular disease risk factors, especially hypertension, was high in Tibetans. Moreover, there was an increased clustering of cardiovascular disease risk factors among those with higher socioeconomic status, lamas and those living at an altitude < 3500 m. These findings suggest that without the immediate implementation of an efficient policy to control these risk factors, cardiovascular disease will eventually become a major disease burden among Tibetans.

Project description:Background and aimsOne of the most common causes of death worldwide is cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). This study evaluated the prevalence of CVDs risk factors (RFs) and their constellation electively among the Jordanian population and, assessing the most prevalent RF interplay with the rest of CVDs RFs as well as the impact of age and gender dimorphism on the frequencies of coexistence of multiple CVDs risk factors (RFs) among the Jordanian population.Methods and resultsIn this observational multicenter study, a total of 1449 subjects were enrolled. The mean age (±SD) was 44.35 ± 14.46 years; 796 (54.9%) of them were females and 801 (55.28%) of the whole study pool had no family history of premature CVDs. Only 5.9% of the population did not have any of these RFs. The prevalence of CVDs MRFs within-affected subjects was as follows: there were 1081 (74.6%) subjects with overall dyslipidemia, 471 (32.51%) with obesity, 456 (31.47%) were smokers, and at the first diagnostic encounter 541 (37.47%) were with elevated blood pressure and, 310 (21.51%) were with elevated random blood sugar. The coexistence of ≥ two, ≥ three and, ≥ four RFs was observed in 75.7%, 44.4%, and 21.4% of the subjects, respectively. The constellation of multiple RFs was more frequent in men than that in women, where the presence of ≥ two RFs for men was at 86.18% vs. 67.09% for women. Similarly, the appearance of multiple RFs increases with age, starting from the existence of ≥ three, and four RFs respectively. Most notably the clustering of ≥ five RFs in the age group of 45-59 years showed the greatest frequency vs. any other age group.ConclusionsCVDs risk factors (RFs) and clusters of them are extremely prevalent in the Jordanian population. Overall dyslipidemia is the most prevalent MRF and the most favors clustering with other CVDs RFs. Combined two RFs had the highest proportional frequency between all six RFs clusters. The constellation of at least two, three, and four CVDs RFs presented at almost three-fourth, half, and around one-fourth; respectively, Middle-aged males presented significantly higher rates of ≥ five RFs occurrences than females.

Project description:ObjectivesTo estimate prevalence and clustering of cardiovascular risk factors (CRFs), and investigate the association between relevant characteristics and CRF clustering among adults in eastern China.DesignCommunity-based cross-sectional study.SettingData were collected by interview survey, physical measurements and laboratory examinations from the 2011 Nanjing Chronic Disease and Risk Factor Surveillance.ParticipantsA representative sample of 41 072 residents aged ?18 years volunteered to participate in the survey, with a response rate of 91.3%. We excluded 1232 subjects due to missing data or having a history of cardiovascular diseases; a total of 39 840 participants were included in the analysis.Outcome measuresPrevalence and clustering of five major CRFs including hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidaemia, overweight or obesity and current smoking.ResultsOf 39 840 participants (mean age 47.9±16.2 years), 17 964 (45.1%) were men and 21 876 (54.9%) were women. The weighted prevalence of CRFs ranged between 6.2% for diabetes and 35.6% for overweight or obesity. The proportion of CRFs tended to be higher in men, the elderly, participants who lost a life partner, or lived in rural areas, or had lower level of education and total annual income. Overall, 30.1% and 35.2% of participants had one and at least two CRFs, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression revealed that men, older age, loss of a life partner, lower level of socioeconomic status, rural areas, insufficient physical activity or unhealthy diets were positively associated with CVD risk factor clustering, compared with their counterparts.ConclusionsHigh regional prevalence of hypertension, dyslipidaemia, overweight or obesity and their clustering are present in Nanjing. The Nanjing government should develop effective public health policies at the regional level especially for high-risk groups, such as enhancing the public's health awareness, organising health promotion programmes, implementing smoke-free law, producing healthy nutrient foods, providing free or low-cost public sports and fitness facilities.

Project description:BackgroundAn accurate assessment of current trends in cardiovascular risks could inform public health policy. This study aims to determine 20-year trends in the prevalence of elevated cardiovascular risk and its risk factors' control among US adults.MethodsIn this serial cross-sectional analysis of 23,594 adults, aged 40-79 years, without clinical atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2001 to 2020, we calculated the prevalence of elevated cardiovascular risk (10-year ASCVD risk ≥ 7.5%) for all participants and subgroups with their risk factors controlled for diabetes, hypertension, or dyslipidemia.ResultsThe age- and sex-adjusted prevalence of elevated cardiovascular risk slightly decreased from 41.5% (95% CI, 39.7-43.3%) in 2001-2004 to 38.6% (95% CI, 36.1-41.1%) in 2017-2020 (P for trend = 0.169) while the respective sex-adjusted prevalence significantly increased from 34.4% (95% CI, 32.8-36.0%) to 39.5% (95% CI, 37.0-42.0%; P for trend <0.001). Sex and race continued to show disparities in cardiovascular risk. Furthermore, a worsening disparity in age- and sex-adjusted prevalence of elevated cardiovascular risk between young and old and a narrowing gap among different education and poverty index levels (all P trend for interaction <0.05). Differential decomposition analysis found that demographic changes (primarily population aging) led to an 8.8% increase in the prevalence of elevated cardiovascular risk from 2001 to 2004 to 2017-2020, while risk factor control led to a 3.8% decrease. The rate of individuals receiving treatment for diabetes, hypertension, or dyslipidemia increased significantly between 2001 and 2020 (all P for trend <0.05). The rate of participants with hypertension who achieved blood pressure under 130/80 mmHg and those with dyslipidemia who achieved a non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level under 130 mg/dl increased significantly (all P for trend <0.001).ConclusionsThere is a slight reduction in the prevalence of age- and sex-adjusted elevated cardiovascular risk among US adults without clinical ASCVD between 2001 and 2020, while the sex-adjusted prevalence significantly increased. The decrease in elevated cardiovascular risk prevalence was mainly attributed to risk factor control, while demographic changes contributed to an increase.

Project description:BackgroundThe relationship of snacking patterns on nutrient intake and cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF) in adults is unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the associations of snacking patterns with nutrient intake, diet quality, and a selection of CVRF in adults participating in the 2001-2008 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.Methods24-hour dietary recalls were used to determine intake and cluster analysis was used to identify the snacking patterns. Height and weight were obtained and the health indices that were evaluated included diastolic and systolic blood pressure, high density lipoprotein-cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, triacylglycerides, blood glucose, and insulin.ResultsThe sample was participants (n = 18,988) 19+ years (50% males; 11% African-Americans; 72% white, 12% Hispanic-Americans, and 5% other). Cluster analyses generated 12 distinct snacking patterns, explaining 61% of the variance in snacking. Comparisons of snacking patterns were made to the no snack pattern. It was found that miscellaneous snacks constituted the most common snacking pattern (17%) followed by cakes/cookies/pastries (12%) and sweets (9%). Most snacking patterns were associated with higher energy intakes. Snacking patterns cakes/cookies/pastries, vegetables/legumes, crackers/salty snacks, other grains and whole fruit were associated with lower intakes of saturated fatty acids. Added sugars intakes were higher in the cakes/cookies/pastries, sweets, milk desserts, and soft drinks patterns. Five snack patterns (cakes/cookies/pastries, sweets, vegetable/legumes, milk desserts, soft drinks) were associated with lower sodium intakes. Several snack patterns were associated with higher intakes of potassium, calcium, fiber, vitamin A, and magnesium. Five snacking patterns (miscellaneous snacks; vegetables/legumes; crackers/salty snacks; other grains; and whole fruit) were associated with better diet quality scores. Alcohol was associated with a lower body mass index and milk desserts were associated with a lower waist circumference. No snack patterns were associated with other CVRF studied.ConclusionsOverall, several snacking patterns were associated with better diet quality than those consuming no snacks. Yet, the majority of the snacking patterns were not associated with CVRF. Education is needed to improve snacking patterns in terms of nutrients to limit in the diet along with more nutrient-dense foods to be included in snacks.

Dataset Information

Prevalence of Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Strokes in Younger Adults.

Publications

Prevalence of Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Strokes in Younger Adults.

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