Dataset Information

Soil pathogen-aphid interactions under differences in soil organic matter and mineral fertilizer.

ABSTRACT: There is increasing evidence showing that microbes can influence plant-insect interactions. In addition, various studies have shown that aboveground pathogens can alter the interactions between plants and insects. However, little is known about the role of soil-borne pathogens in plant-insect interactions. It is also not known how environmental conditions, that steer the performance of soil-borne pathogens, might influence these microbe-plant-insect interactions. Here, we studied effects of the soil-borne pathogen Rhizoctonia solani on aphids (Sitobion avenae) using wheat (Triticum aestivum) as a host. In a greenhouse experiment, we tested how different levels of soil organic matter (SOM) and fertilizer addition influence the interactions between plants and aphids. To examine the influence of the existing soil microbiome on the pathogen effects, we used both unsterilized field soil and sterilized field soil. In unsterilized soil with low SOM content, R. solani addition had a negative effect on aphid biomass, whereas it enhanced aphid biomass in soil with high SOM content. In sterilized soil, however, aphid biomass was enhanced by R. solani addition and by high SOM content. Plant biomass was enhanced by fertilizer addition, but only when SOM content was low, or in the absence of R. solani. We conclude that belowground pathogens influence aphid performance and that the effect of soil pathogens on aphids can be more positive in the absence of a soil microbiome. This implies that experiments studying the effect of pathogens under sterile conditions might not represent realistic interactions. Moreover, pathogen-plant-aphid interactions can be more positive for aphids under high SOM conditions. We recommend that soil conditions should be taken into account in the study of microbe-plant-insect interactions.

SUBMITTER: van Gils S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5560682 | biostudies-literature | 2017

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Soil pathogen-aphid interactions under differences in soil organic matter and mineral fertilizer.

van Gils Stijn S Tamburini Giovanni G Marini Lorenzo L Biere Arjen A van Agtmaal Maaike M Tyc Olaf O Kos Martine M Kleijn David D van der Putten Wim H WH

PloS one 20170817 8

There is increasing evidence showing that microbes can influence plant-insect interactions. In addition, various studies have shown that aboveground pathogens can alter the interactions between plants and insects. However, little is known about the role of soil-borne pathogens in plant-insect interactions. It is also not known how environmental conditions, that steer the performance of soil-borne pathogens, might influence these microbe-plant-insect interactions. Here, we studied effects of the ...[more]

PMID: 28817594

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Project description:Mineral-associated organic matter is associated with a suite of soil minerals that can confer stability, resulting in the potential for long-term storage of carbon (C). Not all interactions impart the same level of protection, however; evidence is suggesting that C in certain mineral pools is dynamic and vulnerable to disturbance in the decades following harvesting. The objective of this research was to describe and characterize organic matter-mineral interactions through depth in horizons of soils of contrasting stand age. Sequential selective dissolutions representing increasingly stable mineral-associated organic matter pools from water soluble minerals (deionized water), organo-metal complexes (Na-pyrophosphate), poorly-crystalline minerals (HCl hydroxylamine), and crystalline secondary minerals (Na-dithionite HCl)) were carried out for Ae, Bf and BC horizons sampled from a Young and Mature forest site (35 and 110 years post-harvest) in Mooseland, Nova Scotia, Canada. Sequential selective dissolution extracts were analyzed for C, ?13C, iron (Fe) and aluminum (Al). Organo-metal complexes (OMC) were the largest mineral-associated OM pool in all horizons. This pool dominated the C distribution in B horizons (~60-70% of Bf bulk C), with a minor contribution from poorly-crystalline (PCrys), crystalline (Crys) minerals and water soluble (WS) associations. C in OMC and PCrys pools explained the variation in bulk C in horizons through depth at both sites. Twice as much C in OMC pools was measured at the Mature site compared to the Young site in the Bf horizons, supported by higher C:(Fe+Al) ratios. Isotopic analysis indicated that this extraction procedure isolated distinct mineral-associated OM pools. ?13C signatures of pyrophosphate-extracted OMC pools ranged from -27‰ to -28‰, similar to ?13C of bulk C and to plant-derived humic acids and associated biomass. The water soluble phase (mean ?13C = -29 ‰) was up to 2 ‰ more depleted, whereas the ?13C of Crys pools were more enriched in 13C (-13‰ to -16 ‰) compared to bulk soil. The results from this study suggest that association with minerals does not necessarily confer stability: organo-metal pools dominate in podzol horizons through depth, and contribute most to C storage, but are potentially susceptible to destabilization following the physical changes resulting from forest harvesting disturbance.

Dataset Information

Soil pathogen-aphid interactions under differences in soil organic matter and mineral fertilizer.

Publications

Soil pathogen-aphid interactions under differences in soil organic matter and mineral fertilizer.

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