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The Complete Genome Sequence of the Fish Pathogen Tenacibaculum maritimum Provides Insights into Virulence Mechanisms.

ABSTRACT: Tenacibaculum maritimum is a devastating bacterial pathogen of wild and farmed marine fish with a broad host range and a worldwide distribution. We report here the complete genome sequence of the T. maritimum type strain NCIMB 2154T. The genome consists of a 3,435,971-base pair circular chromosome with 2,866 predicted protein-coding genes. Genes encoding the biosynthesis of exopolysaccharides, the type IX secretion system, iron uptake systems, adhesins, hemolysins, proteases, and glycoside hydrolases were identified. They are likely involved in the virulence process including immune escape, invasion, colonization, destruction of host tissues, and nutrient scavenging. Among the predicted virulence factors, type IX secretion-mediated and cell-surface exposed proteins were identified including an atypical sialidase, a sphingomyelinase and a chondroitin AC lyase which activities were demonstrated in vitro.

SUBMITTER: Perez-Pascual D

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5561996 | biostudies-literature | 2017

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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The Complete Genome Sequence of the Fish Pathogen Tenacibaculum maritimum Provides Insights into Virulence Mechanisms.

Pérez-Pascual David D Lunazzi Aurelie A Magdelenat Ghislaine G Rouy Zoe Z Roulet Alain A Lopez-Roques Celine C Larocque Robert R Barbeyron Tristan T Gobet Angélique A Michel Gurvan G Bernardet Jean-François JF Duchaud Eric E

Frontiers in microbiology 20170816

Tenacibaculum maritimum is a devastating bacterial pathogen of wild and farmed marine fish with a broad host range and a worldwide distribution. We report here the complete genome sequence of the T. maritimum type strain NCIMB 2154T. The genome consists of a 3,435,971-base pair circular chromosome with 2,866 predicted protein-coding genes. Genes encoding the biosynthesis of exopolysaccharides, the type IX secretion system, iron uptake systems, adhesins, hemolysins, prote ...[more]

PMID: 28861057

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Project description:Tenacibaculum maritimum, the etiological agent of tenacibaculosis in marine fish, constitutively secretes extracellular products (ECPs) in which protein content has not been yet comprehensively studied. In this work, the prevalence of extracellular proteolytic and lipolytic activities related to virulence was analyzed in 64 T. maritimum strains belonging to the O1-O4 serotypes. The results showed the existence of a great intra-specific heterogeneity in the enzymatic capacity, particularly within serotype O4. Thus, the secretome of a strain belonging to this serotype was characterized by analyzing the protein content of ECPs and the possible production of outer membrane vesicles (OMVs). Notably, the ECPs of T. maritimum SP9.1 contain a large amount of OMVs that were characterized by electron microscopy and purified. Thus, ECPs were divided into soluble (S-ECPs) and insoluble fractions (OMVs), and their protein content was analyzed by a high-throughput proteomic approach. A total of 641 proteins were identified in ECPs including some virulence-related factors, which were mainly found in one of the fractions, either OMVs or S-ECPs. Outer membrane proteins such as TonB-dependent siderophore transporters and the type IX secretion system (T9SS)-related proteins PorP, PorT, and SprA appeared to be mainly associated with OMVs. By contrast, putative virulence factors such as sialidase SiaA, chondroitinase CslA, sphingomyelinase Sph, ceramidase Cer, and collagenase Col were found only in the S-ECPs. These findings clearly demonstrate that T. maritimum releases, through surface blebbing, OMVs specifically enriched in TonB-dependent transporters and T9SS proteins. Interestingly, in vitro and in vivo assays also showed that OMVs could play a key role in virulence by promoting surface adhesion and biofilm formation and maximizing the cytotoxic effects of the ECPs. The characterization of T. maritimum secretome provides insights into ECP function and can constitute the basis for future studies aimed to elucidate the full role of OMVs in the pathogenesis of fish tenacibaculosis.

Project description:Tenacibaculum maritimum, the etiological agent of tenacibaculosis in marine fish, constitutively secretes extracellular products (ECPs), which play a main role in virulence. However, their protein content has not been yet comprehensively studied. In this study a collection of 64 T. maritimum strains belonging to the four serotypes described so far (O1 to O4) was used to analyse the prevalence of extracellular proteolytic and lipolytic activities related to virulence. Results showed the existence of a large heterogeneity of the enzymatic capacity among serotype O4 isolates. Most notably, the ECPs of T. maritimum SP9.1 belonging to serotype O4 contain a large amount of outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), which were characterized by electron microscopy and purified by successive steps of filtration and centrifugation. Total protein content of ECPs, and the proteins associated to OMVs and soluble fraction of the ECPs (S-ECPs) were identified by nLC-TIMS-QTOF. A total of 641 proteins were identified in ECPs including some virulence related factors, which were mainly found in one of the fractions, either in OMVs or S-ECPs. Outer membrane proteins such as TonB-dependent transporters and the T9SS-related proteins PorP, PorT and SprA appeared to be mainly associated with OMVs. By contrast, putative virulence factors such as sialidase SiaA, chondroitinase CslA, sphingomyelinase Sph, ceramidase Cer and collagenase Col were found only in the S-ECPs. These findings demonstrate that T. maritimum release, through surface blebbing, outer membrane vesicles that are enriched specifically in TonB-dependent siderophore transporters and proteins of the type IX secretion system. Interestingly, our results also showed that OMVs could play a role in virulence by promoting surface adhesion, biofilm formation, and maximizing cytotoxic effects of the ECPs. The T. maritimum secretome analysis provides insights into the extracellular products function and can constitute the basis for future studies aimed to elucidate the role of OMVs in the pathogenesis of fish tenacibaculosis.

Dataset Information

The Complete Genome Sequence of the Fish Pathogen Tenacibaculum maritimum Provides Insights into Virulence Mechanisms.

Publications

The Complete Genome Sequence of the Fish Pathogen <i>Tenacibaculum maritimum</i> Provides Insights into Virulence Mechanisms.

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