There are many ways to spin a photon: Half-quantization of a total optical angular momentum.
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ABSTRACT: The angular momentum of light plays an important role in many areas, from optical trapping to quantum information. In the usual three-dimensional setting, the angular momentum quantum numbers of the photon are integers, in units of the Planck constant ħ. We show that, in reduced dimensions, photons can have a half-integer total angular momentum. We identify a new form of total angular momentum, carried by beams of light, comprising an unequal mixture of spin and orbital contributions. We demonstrate the half-integer quantization of this total angular momentum using noise measurements. We conclude that for light, as is known for electrons, reduced dimensionality allows new forms of quantization.
SUBMITTER: Ballantine KE
PROVIDER: S-EPMC5565928 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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