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Contributions of relative linear growth and adiposity accretion from birth to adulthood to adult hypertension.

ABSTRACT: While birth weight and weight gain have been associated with hypertension (HT), the association of linear growth, independently of weight gains, has been less well studied. We assessed the independent association of body mass index (BMI) and length at birth and changes in BMI and height during the first two decades of life with adult blood pressure (BP). A birth cohort (n?=?1141) was assembled in 1978-79, and followed up at school-age and adulthood. We used conditional length and BMI measures. BMI at birth was inversely associated with HT; c-BMI from school age to adulthood and c-height from birth to school age were positively associated with hypertension. Early adiposity accretion from birth to 9 years and late linear growth from 9 to 24 years were not associated with increased HT. Regarding BP, systolic and diastolic BP presented similar partterns: the lower the BMI at birth the higher the adult BP; the higher the BMI gains in the first 2 decades of life the higher the adult BP; linear accretion only in the first decade of life was associated with adult BP. Linear growth in the first decade of life and fat accretion in the second decade are associated with adults HT.

SUBMITTER: Ferraro AA

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5566373 | biostudies-literature | 2017 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Contributions of relative linear growth and adiposity accretion from birth to adulthood to adult hypertension.

Ferraro Alexandre Archanjo AA Barbieri Marco Antônio MA da Silva Antonio Augusto Moura AAM Grandi Carlos C Cardoso Viviane Cunha VC Stein Aryeh D AD Bettiol Heloisa H

Scientific reports 20170821 1

While birth weight and weight gain have been associated with hypertension (HT), the association of linear growth, independently of weight gains, has been less well studied. We assessed the independent association of body mass index (BMI) and length at birth and changes in BMI and height during the first two decades of life with adult blood pressure (BP). A birth cohort (n = 1141) was assembled in 1978-79, and followed up at school-age and adulthood. We used conditional length and BMI measures. B ...[more]

PMID: 28827571

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Project description:BackgroundThe early life environment may influence susceptibility to obesity and metabolic disease in later life through epigenetic processes. SLC6A4 is an important mediator of serotonin bioavailability, and has a key role in energy balance. We tested the hypothesis that methylation of the SLC6A4 gene predicts adiposity across the life course.MethodsDNA methylation at 5 CpGs within the SLC6A4 gene identified from a previous methyl binding domain array was measured by pyrosequencing. We measured DNA methylation in umbilical cord (UC) from children in the Southampton Women's Survey cohort (n = 680), in peripheral blood from adolescents in the Western Australian Pregnancy Cohort Study (n = 812), and in adipose tissue from lean and obese adults from the UK BIOCLAIMS cohort (n = 81). Real-time PCR was performed to assess whether there were corresponding alterations in gene expression in the adipose tissue.ResultsLower UC methylation of CpG5 was associated with higher total fat mass at 4 years (p = 0.031), total fat mass at 6-7 years (p = 0.0001) and % fat mass at 6-7 years (p = 0.004). Lower UC methylation of CpG5 was also associated with higher triceps skinfold thickness at birth (p = 0.013), 6 months (p = 0.038), 12 months (p = 0.062), 2 years (p = 0.0003), 3 years (p = 0.00004) and 6-7 years (p = 0.013). Higher maternal pregnancy weight gain (p = 0.046) and lower parity (p = 0.029) were both associated with lower SLC6A4 CpG5 methylation. In adolescents, lower methylation of CpG5 in peripheral blood was associated with greater concurrent measures of adiposity including BMI (p ≤ 0.001), waist circumference (p = 0.011), subcutaneous fat (p ≤ 0.001) and subscapular, abdominal and suprailiac skinfold thicknesses (p = 0.002, p = 0.008, p = 0.004, respectively). In adipose tissue, methylation of both SLC6A4 CpG5 (p = 0.019) and expression of SLC6A4 (p = 0.008) was lower in obese compared with lean adults.ConclusionsThese data suggest that altered methylation of CpG loci within SLC6A4 may provide a robust marker of adiposity across the life course.

Project description:BackgroundFast weight gain and linear growth in children in low-income and middle-income countries are associated with enhanced survival and improved cognitive development, but might increase risk of obesity and related adult cardiometabolic diseases. We investigated how linear growth and relative weight gain during infancy and childhood are related to health and human capital outcomes in young adults.MethodsWe used data from five prospective birth cohort studies from Brazil, Guatemala, India, the Philippines, and South Africa. We investigated body-mass index, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, plasma glucose concentration, height, years of attained schooling, and related categorical indicators of adverse outcomes in young adults. With linear and logistic regression models, we assessed how these outcomes relate to birthweight and to statistically independent measures representing linear growth and weight gain independent of linear growth (relative weight gain) in three age periods: 0-2 years, 2 years to mid-childhood, and mid-childhood to adulthood.FindingsWe obtained data for 8362 participants who had at least one adult outcome of interest. A higher birthweight was consistently associated with an adult body-mass index of greater than 25 kg/m(2) (odds ratio 1·28, 95% CI 1·21-1·35) and a reduced likelihood of short adult stature (0·49, 0·44-0·54) and of not completing secondary school (0·82, 0·78-0·87). Faster linear growth was strongly associated with a reduced risk of short adult stature (age 2 years: 0·23, 0·20-0·52; mid-childhood: 0·39, 0·36-0·43) and of not completing secondary school (age 2 years: 0·74, 0·67-0·78; mid-childhood: 0·87, 0·83-0·92), but did raise the likelihood of overweight (age 2 years: 1·24, 1·17-1·31; mid-childhood: 1·12, 1·06-1·18) and elevated blood pressure (age 2 years: 1·12, 1·06-1·19; mid-childhood: 1·07, 1·01-1·13). Faster relative weight gain was associated with an increased risk of adult overweight (age 2 years: 1·51, 1·43-1·60; mid-childhood: 1·76, 1·69-1·91) and elevated blood pressure (age 2 years: 1·07, 1·01-1·13; mid-childhood: 1·22, 1·15-1·30). Linear growth and relative weight gain were not associated with dysglycaemia, but a higher birthweight was associated with decreased risk of the disorder (0·89, 0·81-0·98).InterpretationInterventions in countries of low and middle income to increase birthweight and linear growth during the first 2 years of life are likely to result in substantial gains in height and schooling and give some protection from adult chronic disease risk factors, with few adverse trade-offs.FundingWellcome Trust and Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.

Dataset Information

Contributions of relative linear growth and adiposity accretion from birth to adulthood to adult hypertension.

Publications

Contributions of relative linear growth and adiposity accretion from birth to adulthood to adult hypertension.

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