Dataset Information

Pertussis outbreak investigation of Mekdela district, South Wollo zone, Amhara region, North-West Ethiopia.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Pertussis is a highly contagious respiratory illness caused by Bordetella pertussis. It is one of the most common vaccine-preventable bacterial infections that affects all susceptible individuals, regardless of age. Investigation was done to verify the existence of an outbreak and to identify associated risk factors contributed for the occurrence of an outbreak in Tork and Warkaye villages of Mekdela district.

Methods

Unmatched community based case control and descriptive cross sectional investigation were conducted with one to two ratios. We used structured questionnaire to collect data from cases and controls.

Results

A total of 215 cases and eight deaths were identified with an overall attack rate of 1.3 per 1000 population. The mean age of the cases was 3.7 years which was ranged from 3 months to 45 years. The more affected groups were females. On multivariate logistic regression analysis, the risk factor that remained independently statically significant associated with developing pertussis was presence of infected person in the family AOR (adjusted odds ratio): 5.859, (95% CI 2.526-13.589). But previously sick with pertussis AOR: 0.053, (95% CI 0.006-0.460) and receiving full dose of vaccine AOR: 0.256, (95% CI 0.080-0.818) were remained as protective factors from pertussis infection.

Conclusions

The suspected pertussis outbreak was occurred in remote pocket villages/kebeles of Mekdela district. Routine immunization was not given regularly and functional refrigerators were not available in the health posts. Routine immunization services and treatment of infected patients with appropriate antibiotics should be intensified.

SUBMITTER: Alamaw SD

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5568300 | biostudies-literature | 2017 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Publications

Pertussis outbreak investigation of Mekdela district, South Wollo zone, Amhara region, North-West Ethiopia.

Alamaw Sefi Derib SD Kassa Addisu Workineh AW Gelaw Yalemzewod Assefa YA

BMC research notes 20170822 1

<h4>Background</h4>Pertussis is a highly contagious respiratory illness caused by Bordetella pertussis. It is one of the most common vaccine-preventable bacterial infections that affects all susceptible individuals, regardless of age. Investigation was done to verify the existence of an outbreak and to identify associated risk factors contributed for the occurrence of an outbreak in Tork and Warkaye villages of Mekdela district.<h4>Methods</h4>Unmatched community based case control and descripti ...[more]

PMID: 28830538

Similar Datasets

Project description:BackgroundUndernutrition is a frequent and serious problem in the world's older adults. Even though life expectancy is increasing, they are more vulnerable and at risk for nutritional problems. However, not much is known about the nutritional status of this group of the population, and they are often neglected.ObjectiveThis study was aimed at assessing undernutrition and associated factors among older adults in Womberma District, West Gojjam Zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia, 2020.MethodsA community-based cross-sectional study design was used among randomly selected 594 older adults aged above 60 years with a multistage simple random sampling method and proportional sample size allocation was used to address study subjects at the village level. The collected data was entered into Epi-Data version 4.2 and analyzed by using SPSS version 25. All variables with a p-value<0.25 in the bivariable analysis were considered for multivariable logistic regression for further analysis and the level of statistical significance was declared at p-value<0. 05.ResultsThe prevalence of undernutrition among older adults was found to be 14.6% (95%CI: 11.9-17.7). A number of independent variables have a significant association with undernutrition, including gender, females [(AOR (95%CI): 3.14 (1.50-6.54)], age (Oldest Old [AOR (95%CI): 4.91 (2.44-6.08)] and Middle Old, [AOR (95%CI): 2.96 (1.44-6.08)], meal frequency [AOR (95%CI): 2.01 (1.12 (1.04-3.63)], dietary diversity score [AOR (95%CI): 2.92 (1.54-5.53)], depression [AOR (95%CI): 5.22 (3-9.07)], individuals with a sickness in the last 4 weeks [AOR (95%CI): 2.12 (1.02-4.41)] and individuals with a known hemorrhoid [AOR (95%CI): 3.51 (1.12-10.97)].ConclusionThis study found that the prevalence of undernutrition in older adults is high and needs attention. Sex, age, meal frequency, dietary diversity, being sick in the last 4 weeks, having hemorrhoids, and depression were the associated risk factors. Therefore, the government, family members, and other stakeholders should give more attention to older individuals.

Project description:BackgroundAnkober District has long been inhabited by people who have a long tradition of using medicinal plants to treat human ailments. Overexploitation of medicinal plants coupled with an ever-increasing population growth, deforestation and agricultural land expansion threatens plants in the area. Hence, this study aimed at documenting and analyzing the plant-based ethnomedicinal knowledge of the people in order to preserve the dwindling indigenous knowledge.MethodsEthnobotanical data were collected using semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions, participant observation and walk-in-the-woods. Quantitative approaches were used to determine Informant Consensus Factor (ICF) and Fidelity level (FL) values. Statistical tests were used to compare the indigenous knowledge on medicinal plants among different informant categories.ResultsA total of 135 medicinal plant species belonging to 128 genera and 71 botanical families were reported to treat human diseases in the District. Families Asteraceae (12 species, 9%) and Fabaceae (10, 7.4%) were found to be best represented in the area. About 44% of preparations were reported to be obtained from roots. Significant difference (P?<?0.05) was observed on the mean number of medicinal plants reported by groups of respondents compared within age, literacy level and experience parameters. Highest ICF values were recorded for gastro-intestinal & parasitic and dermatological disease categories (0.70 each) indicating best agreement among informants knowledge on medicinal plants used to treat aliments in these categories. Highest fidelity level values were recorded for Zehneria scabra (95%) and Hagenia abyssinica (93.75%) showing conformity of knowledge on species of best healing potential. Podocarpus falcatus was ranked first in a direct matrix ranking exercise of multipurpose medicinal plants. The output of preference ranking exercise indicated that Olea europaea subsp. cuspidata was the most preferred species to treat atopic eczema.ConclusionThe study revealed that Ankober District is rich in medicinal plant diversity and associated indigenous knowledge. However, anthropogenic factors coupled with acculturation and very poor conservation efforts threaten medicinal plant survival in the area. Promoting a complementary in situ and ex situ conservation strategy for medicinal plants of the District is highly recommended.

Project description:BackgroundIn Ethiopia, the majority of animal owners throughout the country depend on traditional healthcare practices to manage their animals' health problems. This ethnoveterinary study was carried out in Ensaro District, North Showa Zone, and Amhara Region, Ethiopia, to identify medicinal plant species used by the local community to treat various livestock ailments.MethodsTo collect ethnobotanical information, a total of 389 informants (283 men and 106 women) were selected. Among these 95 traditional medicine practitioners were purposely chosen, while the remaining 294 were selected through a systematic random sampling method. Ethnobotanical data were collected through semi-structured interviews, participant observation, guided filed walks and focus group discussions. The Informant Consensus Factor (ICF) and Fidelity Level (FL) values, preference, and direct matrix exercise ranking were determined using quantitative methods. Statistical tests were used to compare indigenous knowledge of medicinal plants among different informant groups.ResultsA total of 44 ethnoveterinary medicinal plant species were collected and identified that were distributed across 43 genera and 28 families. The family Solanaceae stood first by contributing 4 species followed by Amaranthaceae, Asteraceae, Euphorbiaceae, Fabaceae and lamiaceae with 3 species each. Thirty- seven (88.09%) medicinal plants were collected from wild habitats, 6 medicinal plant species were collected from home garden. The most frequently used life form was shrubs (23 species, 54.76%) followed by herbs (13 species, 30.95%). The widely used parts of medicinal plants were leaves followed by roots. Prepared remedies were administered through drenching, dropping, smearing, eating, wrapping, fumigating and washing. There was significant difference in the indigenous knowledge of medicinal plants between gender, urban and rural people, general and key informants and among age groups.ConclusionEnsaro District is a relatively rich in diversity of ethnoveterinary medicinal plants together with a rich indigenous knowledge in the local communities to collect and effectively utilize for the management different livestock diseases. On the other hand, these days, agricultural expansion, fuel wood collection, cutting plants for fence, furniture and charcoal production are the major threatening factors of these plant resources. Thus, people of the study area must implement in situ and ex-situ conservation strategies to ensure sustainable utilization of these species.

Project description:PurposeMaternal surgical site infection after cesarean delivery is a clinical problem which contributes to significant morbidity and mortality. In Ethiopia admissions following cesarean section due to surgical site infection have been routine activities of health care institutions but there is limited scientific evidence on both the magnitude of the problem and factors associated with it making prevention mechanisms less effective. Therefore, this study aimed to assess magnitude and risk factors of post-cesarean section surgical site infection at primary hospitals of East Gojjam Zone, Northwest Ethiopia.MethodsInstitution-based cross sectional study with retrospective chart review was conducted from September 10-30 /2020 at 3 randomly selected primary hospitals of east Gojjam zone. The data were entered in Epi data version 3.1 and exported to Statistical Package for Social Science Software version 26. Post-cesarean section surgical site infection was measured based on disease classification and definition of the term by Center for Disease Control and Prevention. After checking for presence of multicollinarity, presence and degree of association of factors with outcome variable were computed through logistic regression analysis. Factors with P value ≤ 0.2 in bi-variable logistic regression analysis were included in the multivariable logistic regression analysis and those variables with P-value of <0.05 in multivariable analysis were considered statistically significant.ResultFrom 622 medical records of women who underwent cesarean section, 77 (12.4%) of them developed surgical site infection. Rural residence [(AOR = 2.30, 95%CI: (1.29, 4.09)], duration of labor greater than 24hrs [(AOR = 3.48, 95%CI: (1.49, 8.09)], rupture of membrane>12hrs[(AOR = 4.61,95%CI:(2.34,9.09)], hypertension[(AOR = 3.14,95%CI:(1.29,7.59)] and preoperative Hematocrit ≤30%[(AOR = 3.22,95%CI:(1.25,8.31)] were factors significantly associated with post-cesarean section surgical site infections.ConclusionMagnitude of post-cesarean section surgical site infection was a significant problem in primary hospitals. Minimizing prolonged labor; minimize early rupture of membrane, properly managing patients with comorbidities like hypertension, strengthen prophylaxis and treatment for anemia during antenatal care and raising awareness for rural residents can reduce the problem. Zonal police makers should give emphasis to reduce its burden.

Project description:BackgroundPertussis or whooping cough is a vaccine-preventable, highly contagious, respiratory illness caused by Bordetella pertussis or Bordetella parapertussis. Infants and young children have remained most susceptible to pertussis-related morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to investigate pertussis infection and analyze the associated factors involved in the occurrence of the cases.MethodsCommunity-based case-control was conducted in Dahena district, Northwest Ethiopia, from March 27-April 30, 2019. All cases ages 1-18 years old were identified by using the clinical standard case definition of pertussis adopted from World Health Organization (WHO). Data was collected using a structured questionnaire via face-to-face interviews. The data collected was cleaned, coded and entered into Epi info version 7.2.1.0 and exported to SPSS version 23 for statistical analysis. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis were employed to identify predictors. Factors with a p-value of < 0.05 were considered as independent risk factors of pertussis infection in multivariable logistic regression analysis.ResultA total of 122 pertussis cases were enrolled from the Azila cluster of the Dahena district. Of these figures, 64 (52.5%) were females. The overall attack rate (AR) of pertussis cases in the cluster was 8.6/10000 population. The sex-specific AR of females was 8.9/10000 population. The multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that; being unvaccinated 4.17 (AOR, 4.17, 95% CI, 1.914-9.091), contact to cases 2.93 (AOR: 2.93, 95% CI 1.223-6.996), and living in a house with no window 2.6 (AOR: 2.6(95% CI 1.071 to 6.322) were the independent significantly risk factors for pertussis infection.ConclusionThe contributing factor for pertussis infection was associated with case-contact, living in the house without windows and being unvaccinated. Wag Hemra Zone and Dahena district health office should encourage the vaccination activities of the cluster health center and awareness for the community should be practiced to limit disease transmission.

Project description:BackgroundDespite the availability of a highly effective vaccine, yellow fever virus (YFV) remains an important public health problem across Africa and South America due to its high case-fatality rate. This study investigated the historical epidemiology and contemporary entomological and social determinants of a YFV outbreak in South Omo Zone (SOZ), Ethiopia.MethodsA YFV outbreak occurred in SOZ, Ethiopia in 2012-2014. Historical epidemiological data were retrieved from the SOZ Health Department and analyzed. Entomological sampling was undertaken in 2017, including mosquito species identification and molecular screening for arboviruses to understand mosquito habitat distribution, and finally current knowledge, attitudes and preventative practices within the affected communities were assessed.ResultsFrom October 2012 to March 2014, 165 suspected cases and 62 deaths were reported, principally in rural areas of South Ari region (83.6%). The majority of patients were 15-44 years old (75.8%) and most case deaths were males (76%). Between June and August 2017, 688 containers were sampled across 180 households to identify key breeding sites for Aedes mosquitoes. Ensete ventricosum ("false banana") and clay pots outside the home were the most productive natural and artificial breeding sites, respectively. Entomological risk indices classified most sites as "high risk" for future outbreaks under current World Health Organization criteria. Adult mosquitoes in houses were identified as members of the Aedes simpsoni complex but no YFV or other arboviruses were detected by PCR. The majority of community members had heard of YFV, however few activities were undertaken to actively reduce mosquito breeding sites.DiscussionStudy results highlight the potential role vector control could play in mitigating local disease transmission and emphasize the urgent need to strengthen disease surveillance systems and in-country laboratory capacity to facilitate more rapid responses to future YFV outbreaks.

Project description:Community-based newborn care (CBNC) has been implemented in Ethiopia across the maternal, neonatal, and child health continuum of care with the goal of lowering newborn mortality. However, neonatal mortality rate in Ethiopian is among the highest in the world. Why neonatal mortality remains high in the face of such effective interventions is the issue. As a result, the authors claim that it is unknown whether the planned intervention is carried out effectively or not. The purpose of this study was to investigate the fidelity of community-based newborn care intervention and its implementation drivers. Multicenter community-based mixed method study was employed on 898 postpartum women, 16 health extension workers (HEWs) and 10 health posts to evaluate CBNC intervention fidelity. Structured questionnaire and facility audit checklist was used to collect quantitative data. In-depth interview technique was used to explore lived experiences of HEWs on CBNC implementation. CBNC intervention fidelity was computed as a composite index of the product of program coverage, frequency and contents. Multilevel linear regression model with adjusted β-coefficients at P-value of 0.05 and a 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to declare a significant relation between CBNC intervention fidelity and its implementation drivers. Interpretative phenomenological analysis was employed for qualitative data analysis. CBNC intervention fidelity was found to be 4.5% (95% CI: 3.6-5.4) with only two women received the intervention with full fidelity. The overall CBNC intervention coverage was 38.4% (95% CI: 35.2-41.6). Only 8.1% and 1.5% of women received all CBNC interventions with recommended frequency and content, respectively. HEWs knowledge of danger sign was significant facilitator while lack of: health center's feedback, related short-term training, health development army support, health center staff's technical assistance to HEWs and shortage of medical equipment supply were barriers for CBNC intervention fidelity. In conclusion the CBNC intervention fidelity was too low in this study. This indicates that CBNC intervention package was not implemented as envisioned implying an implementation gap. All implementation drivers were poorly implemented to result in improved fidelity and intervention outcomes.

Dataset Information

Pertussis outbreak investigation of Mekdela district, South Wollo zone, Amhara region, North-West Ethiopia.

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Publications

Pertussis outbreak investigation of Mekdela district, South Wollo zone, Amhara region, North-West Ethiopia.

Similar Datasets

OmicsDI is part of the ELIXIR infrastructure

Tweets