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Preconditioned alternating projection algorithm for solving the penalized-likelihood SPECT reconstruction problem.

ABSTRACT: PURPOSE:The authors recently developed a preconditioned alternating projection algorithm (PAPA) for solving the penalized-likelihood SPECT reconstruction problem. The proposed algorithm can solve a wide variety of non-differentiable optimization models. This work is dedicated to comparing the performance of PAPA with total variation (TV) regularization (TV-PAPA) and a novel forward-backward algorithm with nested expectation maximization (EM)-TV iteration scheme (FB-EM-TV). METHODS:Monte Carlo technique was used to simulate multiple noise realizations of the fan-beam collimated SPECT data for a piecewise constant phantom with warm background, and hot and cold spheres with uniform activities at two noise levels. They were reconstructed using the aforementioned algorithms with attenuation, scatter, distance-dependent collimator blurring and sensitivity corrections. Noise suppressing performance, lesion detectability, lesion contrast, contrast recovery coefficient, convergence speed and selection of optimal parameters were evaluated. The conventional EM algorithms with TV post-filter (TVPF-EM) and Gaussian post-filter (GPF-EM) were used as benchmarks. RESULTS:The TV-PAPA and FB-EM-TV demonstrated similar performance in all investigated categories. Both algorithms outperformed TVPF-EM in terms of image noise suppression, lesion detectability, lesion contrast and convergence speed. We established that the optimal parameters versus information density approximately followed power laws, which offers a guidance in parameter selection for reconstruction methods. CONCLUSIONS:For the simulated SPECT data, TV-PAPA and FB-EM-TV produced qualitatively and quantitatively similar images. They performed better than the benchmark TVPF-EM and GPF-EM, with only limited loss of lesion contrast.

SUBMITTER: Li S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5573596 | biostudies-literature | 2017 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Preconditioned alternating projection algorithm for solving the penalized-likelihood SPECT reconstruction problem.

Li Si S Zhang Jiahan J Krol Andrzej A Schmidtlein C Ross CR Feiglin David D Xu Yuesheng Y

Physica medica : PM : an international journal devoted to the applications of physics to medicine and biology : official journal of the Italian Association of Biomedical Physics (AIFB) 20170509

<h4>Purpose</h4>The authors recently developed a preconditioned alternating projection algorithm (PAPA) for solving the penalized-likelihood SPECT reconstruction problem. The proposed algorithm can solve a wide variety of non-differentiable optimization models. This work is dedicated to comparing the performance of PAPA with total variation (TV) regularization (TV-PAPA) and a novel forward-backward algorithm with nested expectation maximization (EM)-TV iteration scheme (FB-EM-TV).<h4>Methods</h4 ...[more]

PMID: 28610694

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Project description:UnlabelledQ.Clear, a Bayesian penalized-likelihood reconstruction algorithm for PET, was recently introduced by GE Healthcare on their PET scanners to improve clinical image quality and quantification. In this work, we determined the optimum penalization factor (beta) for clinical use of Q.Clear and compared Q.Clear with standard PET reconstructions.MethodsA National Electrical Manufacturers Association image-quality phantom was scanned on a time-of-flight PET/CT scanner and reconstructed using ordered-subset expectation maximization (OSEM), OSEM with point-spread function (PSF) modeling, and the Q.Clear algorithm (which also includes PSF modeling). Q.Clear was investigated for β (B) values of 100-1,000. Contrast recovery (CR) and background variability (BV) were measured from 3 repeated scans, reconstructed with the different algorithms. Fifteen oncology body (18)F-FDG PET/CT scans were reconstructed using OSEM, OSEM PSF, and Q.Clear using B values of 200, 300, 400, and 500. These were visually analyzed by 2 scorers and scored by rank against a panel of parameters (overall image quality; background liver, mediastinum, and marrow image quality; noise level; and lesion detectability).ResultsAs β is increased, the CR and BV decreases; Q.Clear generally gives a higher CR and lower BV than OSEM. For the smallest sphere reconstructed with Q.Clear B400, CR is 28.4% and BV 4.2%, with corresponding values for OSEM of 24.7% and 5.0%. For the largest hot sphere, Q.Clear B400 yields a CR of 75.2% and a BV of 3.8%, with corresponding values for OSEM of 64.4% and 4.0%. Scorer 1 and 2 ranked B400 as the preferred reconstruction in 13 of 15 (87%) and 10 of 15 (73%) cases. The least preferred reconstruction was OSEM PSF in all cases. In most cases, lesion detectability was highest ranked for B200, in 9 of 15 (67%) and 10 of 15 (73%), with OSEM PSF ranked lowest. Poor lesion detectability on OSEM PSF was seen in cases of mildly (18)F-FDG-avid mediastinal nodes in lung cancer and small liver metastases due to background noise. Conversely, OSEM PSF was ranked second highest for lesion detectability in most pulmonary nodule evaluation cases. The combined scores confirmed B400 to be the preferred reconstruction.ConclusionOur phantom measurement results demonstrate improved CR and reduced BV when using Q.Clear instead of OSEM. A β value of 400 is recommended for oncology body PET/CT using Q.Clear.

Project description:BackgroundComputed tomography (CT) is an advanced medical imaging technology. The images obtained by CT are helpful for improving diagnostic accuracy. Currently, CT is widely used in clinical settings for diagnosis and health examinations. However, full angle CT scanning has the disadvantage of causing radiation damage to the human body. Sparse angle projection CT scanning is the most effective way to minimize this damage, but the quality of the reconstructed image is reduced. Therefore, it is important to improve the reconstructed image quality produced by sparse angle projection.MethodsIn this paper, we focused on the algebraic reconstruction algorithm. To reduce the accumulation of random noise, we formulated a modified algebraic reconstruction algorithm. Firstly, the algebraic reconstruction algorithm was used to compute two consecutive results, and then the weighted sum of these two results was used to correct the reconstructed image, and an iterative result was obtained. Using this method, we aimed to reduce the noise accumulation caused by iteration.ResultsIn this study, 20 angle projections were used for the reconstruction. The experimental object was the Shepp-Logan phantom test image. The experiments were implemented under two conditions: without noise and with noise. The peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) and the mean squared error (MSE) of the reconstructed image from projections without noise were 76.0896 and 0.0016, respectively. The PSNR and MSE of the reconstructed image from projections with noise were 75.8263 and 0.0017, respectively. The reconstructed performance was superior to the previous algebraic reconstruction algorithm.ConclusionsThe performance of the proposed method was superior to other algorithms, which confirms that noise accumulation caused by iteration can be effectively reduced by the weighted summation of two consecutive reconstruction results. Moreover, the reconstruction performance under noisy projection is superior to other algorithms, which demonstrates that the proposed method improves anti-noise performance.

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Preconditioned alternating projection algorithm for solving the penalized-likelihood SPECT reconstruction problem.

Publications

Preconditioned alternating projection algorithm for solving the penalized-likelihood SPECT reconstruction problem.

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