Methylated Phenylarsenical Metabolites Discovered in Chicken Liver.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Peng H
PROVIDER: S-EPMC5573966 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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2008-08-04 | GSE9648 | GEO
Project description:The metabolic processes of animals are usually affected by sex. Egg yolk is the major nutrient utilized for the growth and development of a chicken embryo. In this study, we explored the differences of yolk metabolites in male and female chicken embryos by LC-MS/MS. Furthermore, we investigated the mRNA expression of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and fatty acid synthase (FAS) in chicken embryo liver with different sexes in different embryonic stages. The results showed that the nutrient metabolites in the yolk of female chickens were mainly related to lipid metabolism and amino acid metabolism in the early embryonic stage, and vitamin metabolism in the late embryonic stage. The male yolk metabolites were mainly associated with lipid metabolism and nucleic acid metabolism in the early developmental stage, and amino acids metabolism in the late embryonic stage. There was no significant difference in the expression of LPL or FAS in livers of male and female chicken embryos at different embryonic stages. Our results may lead to a better understanding of the sexual effect on yolk nutrient metabolism during chicken embryonic development.
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Project description:The relationship between histone acetylation and methylation in chicken immature erythrocytes was investigated. Previous studies have shown that transcriptionally active/competent gene-enriched chromatin fragments are enriched in newly methylated histones H3 and H4. Moreover, newly methylated histone H4 is hyperacetylated. Here, we show that dynamically acetylated histone H4 is selectively engaged in ongoing methylation. While sodium butyrate (an inhibitor of histone deacetylase) does not inhibit ongoing histone methylation, it does affect the acetylation state of newly methylated histone H4 when chicken immature erythrocytes are incubated in its presence or absence. Only one rate of acetylation of labelled newly methylated unacetylated histone H4 with a t1/2 of 8 min is observed. Previous studies have shown that the solubility of transcriptionally active/competent gene chromatin fragments in 0.15 M-NaCl is dependent upon the level of acetylated histone species, with induction of hyperacetylation increasing the solubility of this gene chromatin. Here, we show that the low salt solubility of chromatin fragments associated with newly methylated histones H3 and H4 is also dependent upon the level of acetylated histones. These results provide further support for the hypothesis that histones participating in ongoing methylation are associated with transcriptionally active/competent chromatin and suggest that the processes of histone H4 methylation and dynamic acetylation are partially coupled in terminally differentiated erythrocytes.
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Project description:The aim of the study is to determine the target of Paeteria scandens in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The Chinese herbal medicine pharmacology data and analysis platform were used to search and screen for the effective components of the Paeteria scandens compounds and to analyze the possible therapeutic targets based on network topology. In addition, various known disease target databases were enrolled, the therapeutic target proteins in NAFLD were screened, and a protein-protein interaction network was constructed. Enrichment analysis was performed on key nodes. Finally, the inhibitory effect of Paeteria scandens on NAFLD was verified by experiments. We identified 33 major candidate targets of Paeteria scandens and successfully constructed a "drug-compound-target-disease" network. Abovementioned targets revealed by gene enrichment analysis have played a significant role in the cell cycle, apoptosis, and related signal pathways. We demonstrated that Paeteria scandens downregulated serum triglyceride and lipopolysaccharides levels in NAFLD chickens by feeding with a high-capacity diet and endotoxin of Salmonella enteritidis was given by gavage. Paeteria scandens may regulate the hepatic cell cycle and apoptosis through the Salmonella infection pathway, Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, and apoptosis pathway. For NAFLD, Paeteria scandens may be a promising, long-lasting treatment strategy.
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Project description:CoMet, a fully automated Computational Metabolomics method to predict changes in metabolite levels in cancer cells compared to normal references has been developed and applied to Jurkat T leukemia cells with the goal of testing the following hypothesis: up or down regulation in cancer cells of the expression of genes encoding for metabolic enzymes leads to changes in intracellular metabolite concentrations that contribute to disease progression. Nine metabolites predicted to be lowered in Jurkat cells with respect to normal lymphoblasts were examined: riboflavin, tryptamine, 3-sulfino-L-alanine, menaquinone, dehydroepiandrosterone, α-hydroxystearic acid, hydroxyacetone, seleno-L-methionine and 5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole. All, alone or in combination, exhibited antiproliferative activity. Of eleven metabolites predicted to be increased or unchanged in Jurkat cells, only two (bilirubin and androsterone) exhibited significant antiproliferative activity. These results suggest that cancer cell metabolism may be regulated to reduce the intracellular concentration of certain antiproliferative metabolites, resulting in uninhibited cellular growth and have the implication that many other endogenous metabolites with important roles in carcinogenesis are awaiting discovery. Experiment Overall Design: The first step of the CoMet approach consists of the classification of each enzyme-coding human gene into four possible groups: G1) upregulated in cancer cells, G2) downregulated in cancer cells, G3) expressed in both, normal and cancer cells, at levels that are statistically indistinguishable, and G4) not expressed in both, normal and cancer cells. We used two types of data for the classification: the log base 2 signal intensities and the presence calls of the corresponding probe sets, as reported by the Affymetrix Microarray Suite Software 5.0 (MAS 5.0). First, an â??offâ?? status is provisionally assigned to each gene in each of the two studied conditions (normal and cancer) if the mean fraction of presence calls labeled as â??marginalâ?? or â??absentâ?? in the corresponding probe sets is at least 80%; otherwise, an â??onâ?? status is assigned. Then, each gene is temporarily classified into the G1, G2, G3 or G4 group, according to its on/off status in normal and cancer conditions. Finally, genes in the temporary G3 or G4 groups are transferred to the G1 or G2 groups if they fulfill the following criterion for differential expression: the signal intensities in normal and cancer samples exhibit a statistically significant difference in at least 40% of the corresponding probe sets, as evaluated by an ANOVA two-tailed test with P < 0.005. Experiment Overall Design: RNA extraction, amplification and microarray data processing. Total RNA was extracted from cell lines using Trizol (Invitrogen) and processed using the RiboAmp OA or HS kit (Arcturus) in conjunction with the IVT Labeling Kit from Affymetrix, to produce an amplified, biotin-labeled mRNA suitable for hybridizing to GeneChip Probe Arrays (Affymetrix). Labeled mRNA was hybridized to GeneChip Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 Arrays in the GeneChip Hybridization oven 640, further processed with the GeneChip Fluidics Station 450 and scanned with the GeneChip Scanner. Affymetrix .CEL files were processed using the Affymetrix Expression Console (EC) Software Version 1.1. Files were processed using the default MAS5 3â?? expression workflow which includes scaling all probes to a target intensity (TGT) of 500. Spiked in report controls used were AFFX-BioB, AFFX-BioC, AFFX-BioDn, and AFFX-CreX. Affymetrix .CEL files for three normal lymphoblast samples used as a normal reference to compare Jurkat cells expression data were directly retrieved from the Gene Expression Omnibus (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/, samples GSM113678, GSM113802 and GSM113803 of untreated GM15851 cells from the Series GSE5040).
2008-10-20 | E-GEOD-9648 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:IntroductionThe Wuzhishan ant (MY) chicken exhibits significant differences from other chicken breeds. However, the molecular genetic relationship between the MY breed and other chicken breeds has not been assessed.MethodsWhole-genome resequencing was used to compare genetic diversity, nucleotide diversity, the fixation index, the linkage disequilibrium coefficient, and phylogenetic tree relationships between the MY breed and the Wenchang (WC), Danzhou (DZ), Bawangling (BW), and Longsheng Feng (LF) breeds.ResultsA total of 21,586,378 singlenucleotide polymorphisms and 4,253,341 insertions/deletions were screened out among the five breeds. The MY breed had the second highest genomic genetic diversity and nucleotide diversity and the lowest LD coefficient among the five breeds. Moreover, the phylogenetic tree analysis showed that individual birds of each breed clustered together with those of their respective breeds.DiscussionOur data indicated that the MY breed is distinct from the other breeds and can be considered a new genetic resource.
| S-EPMC11221338 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Chronic ingestion of water containing inorganic arsenic (iAs) has been linked to a variety of adverse health effects, including cancer, hypertension and diabetes. Current evidence suggests that the toxic methylated trivalent metabolites of iAs, methylarsonous acid (MAs(III)) and dimethylarsinous acid (DMAs(III)) play a key role in the etiology of these diseases. Both MAs(III) and DMAs(III) have been detected in urine of subjects exposed to iAs. However, the rapid oxidation of DMAs(III) and, to a lesser extent, MAs(III) in oxygen-rich environments leads to difficulties in the analysis of these metabolites in samples of urine collected in population studies. Results of our previous work indicate that MAs(III) and DMAs(III) are relatively stable in a reducing cellular environment and can be quantified in cells and tissues. In the present study, we used the oxidation state-specific hydride generation-cryotrapping-atomic absorption spectroscopy (HG-CT-AAS) to examine the presence and stability of these trivalent metabolites in the liver of mice and in UROtsa/F35 cells exposed to iAs. Tri- and pentavalent metabolites of iAs were analyzed directly (without chemical extraction or digestion). Liver homogenates prepared in cold deionized water and cell culture medium and lysates were stored at either 0 °C or -80 °C for up to 22 days. Both MAs(III) and DMAs(III) were stable in homogenates stored at -80 °C. In contrast, DMAs(III) in homogenates stored at 0 °C began to oxidize to its pentavalent counterpart after 1 day; MAs(III) remained stable for at least 3 weeks under these conditions. MAs(III) and DMAs(III) generated in UROtsa/F35 cultures were stable for 3 weeks when culture media and cell lysates were stored at -80 °C. These results suggest that samples of cells and tissues represent suitable material for the quantitative, oxidation state-specific analysis of As in laboratory and population studies examining the metabolism or toxic effects of this metalloid.
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Project description:Methylation aberrations play an important role in many metabolic disorders including cancer. Methylated metabolites are direct indicators of metabolic aberrations, and currently, there is no Liquid chromatography - Mass spectrometry (LC-MS) based method available to cover all classes of methylated metabolites at low detection limits. In this study, we have developed a method for the detection of methylated metabolites, and it's biological application. In this approach, we used a HILIC based HPLC with MS to measure methylated organic acids, amino acids, and nucleotides. These metabolites were separated from each other by their hydrophobic interactions and analyzed by targeted metabolomics of single reaction monitoring by positive and negative mode of electrospray ionization. These metabolites were quantified, and the interday reproducibility was <10% relative standard deviation. Furthermore, by applying this method, we identified high levels of methylated metabolites in bladder cancer cell lines compared to benign cells. In vitro treatment of cancer cells with methylation inhibitor, 5- aza-2'-deoxycytidine showed a decrease in these methylated metabolites. This data indicates that HPLC analysis using this HILIC based method could be a powerful tool for measuring methylated metabolites in biological specimens. This method is rapid, sensitive, selective, and precise to measure methylated metabolites.
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Project description:This study was aimed to evaluate the differences in the composition of gut microbiota, tryptophan metabolites and short-chain fatty acids in feces between volunteers who frequently ate chicken and who frequently ate pork. Twenty male chicken-eaters and 20 male pork-eaters of 18 and 30 years old were recruited to collect feces samples for analyses of gut microbiota composition, short-chain fatty acids and tryptophan metabolites. Chicken-eaters had more diverse gut microbiota and higher abundance of Prevotella 9, Dialister, Faecalibacterium, Megamonas, and Prevotella 2. However, pork-eaters had higher relative abundance of Bacteroides, Faecalibacterium, Roseburia, Dialister, and Ruminococcus 2. In addition, chicken-eaters had high contents of skatole and indole in feces than pork-eaters, as well as higher contents of total short chain fatty acids, in particular for acetic acid, propionic acid, and branched chain fatty acids. The Spearman's correlation analysis revealed that the abundance of Prevotella 2 and Prevotella 9 was positively correlated with levels of fecal skatole, indole and short-chain fatty acids. Thus, intake of chicken diet may increase the risk of skatole- and indole-induced diseases by altering gut microbiota.
| S-EPMC8184825 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundProtoporphyrin IX (Pp IX) is the primary pigment for brown eggshells. However, the regulatory mechanisms directing Pp IX synthesis, transport, and genetic regulation during eggshell calcification in chickens remain obscure. In this study, we investigated the mechanism of brown eggshell formation at different times following oviposition, using White Leghorn hens (WS group), Rhode Island Red light brown eggshell line hens (LBS group) and Rhode Island Red dark brown eggshell line hens (DBS group).ResultsAt 4, 16 and 22 h following oviposition, Pp IX concentrations in LBS and DBS groups were significantly higher in shell glands than in liver (P < 0.05). Pp IX concentrations in shell glands of LBS and DBS groups at 16 and 22 h following oviposition were significantly higher than WS group (P < 0.05). In comparative transcriptome analysis, δ-aminolevulinate synthase 1 (ALAS1), solute carrier family 25 member 38 (SLC25A38), ATP binding cassette subfamily G member 2 (ABCG2) and feline leukemia virus subgroup C cellular receptor 1 (FLVCR1), which were associated with Pp IX synthesis, were identified as differentially expressed genes (DEGs). RT-qPCR results showed that the expression level of ALAS1 in shell glands was significantly higher in DBS group than in WS group at 16 and 22 h following oviposition (P < 0.05). In addition, four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in ALAS1 gene that were significantly associated with eggshell brownness were identified. By identifying the differential metabolites in LBS and DBS groups, we found 11-hydroxy-E4-neuroprostane in shell glands and 15-dehydro-prostaglandin E1(1-) and prostaglandin G2 2-glyceryl ester in uterine fluid were related to eggshell pigment secretion.ConclusionsIn this study, the regulatory mechanisms of eggshell brownness were studied comprehensively by different eggshell color and time following oviposition. Results show that Pp IX is synthesized de novo and stored in shell gland, and ALAS1 is a key gene regulating Pp IX synthesis in the shell gland. We found three transporters in Pp IX pathway and three metabolites in shell glands and uterine fluid that may influence eggshell browning.
| S-EPMC9677642 | biostudies-literature