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Whey Protein Components - Lactalbumin and Lactoferrin - Improve Energy Balance and Metabolism.

ABSTRACT: Whey protein promotes weight loss and improves diabetic control, however, less is known of its bioactive components that produce such benefits. We compared the effects of normal protein (control) diet with high protein diets containing whey, or its fractions lactalbumin and lactoferrin, on energy balance and metabolism. Diet-induced obese rats were randomized to isocaloric diets: Control, Whey, Lactalbumin, Lactoferrin, or pair-fed to lactoferrin. Whey and lactalbumin produced transient hypophagia, whereas lactoferrin caused prolonged hypophagia; the hypophagia was likely due to decreased preference. Lactalbumin decreased weight and fat gain. Notably, lactoferrin produced sustained weight and fat loss, and attenuated the reduction in energy expenditure associated with calorie restriction. Lactalbumin and lactoferrin decreased plasma leptin and insulin, and lactalbumin increased peptide YY. Whey, lactalbumin and lactoferrin improved glucose clearance partly through differential upregulation of glucoregulatory transcripts in the liver and skeletal muscle. Interestingly, lactalbumin and lactoferrin decreased hepatic lipidosis partly through downregulation of lipogenic and/or upregulation of ?-oxidation transcripts, and differentially modulated cecal bacterial populations. Our findings demonstrate that protein quantity and quality are important for improving energy balance. Dietary lactalbumin and lactoferrin improved energy balance and metabolism, and decreased adiposity, with the effects of lactoferrin being partly independent of caloric intake.

SUBMITTER: Zapata RC

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5577213 | biostudies-literature | 2017 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Whey Protein Components - Lactalbumin and Lactoferrin - Improve Energy Balance and Metabolism.

Zapata Rizaldy C RC Singh Arashdeep A Pezeshki Adel A Nibber Traj T Chelikani Prasanth K PK

Scientific reports 20170830 1

Whey protein promotes weight loss and improves diabetic control, however, less is known of its bioactive components that produce such benefits. We compared the effects of normal protein (control) diet with high protein diets containing whey, or its fractions lactalbumin and lactoferrin, on energy balance and metabolism. Diet-induced obese rats were randomized to isocaloric diets: Control, Whey, Lactalbumin, Lactoferrin, or pair-fed to lactoferrin. Whey and lactalbumin produced transient hypophag ...[more]

PMID: 28855697

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Project description:Hypothalamic glial cells named tanycytes, which line the 3rd ventricle (3V), are components of the hypothalamic network that regulates a diverse array of metabolic functions for energy homeostasis. Herein, we report that TSPO (translocator protein), an outer mitochondrial protein, is highly enriched in tanycytes and regulates homeostatic responses to nutrient excess as a potential target for an effective intervention in obesity. Administration of a TSPO ligand, PK11195, into the 3V, and tanycyte-specific deletion of Tspo reduced food intake and elevated energy expenditure, leading to negative energy balance in a high-fat diet challenge. Ablation of tanycytic Tspo elicited AMPK-dependent lipophagy, breaking down lipid droplets into free fatty acids, thereby elevating ATP in a lipid stimulus. Our findings suggest that tanycytic TSPO affects systemic energy balance through macroautophagy/autophagy-regulated lipid metabolism, and highlight the physiological significance of TSPO in hypothalamic lipid sensing and bioenergetics in response to overnutrition.Abbreviations3V: 3rd ventricle; ACAC: acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase; AGRP: agouti related neuropeptide; AIF1/IBA1: allograft inflammatory factor 1; AMPK: AMP-activated protein kinase; ARC: arcuate nucleus; Atg: autophagy related; Bafilo: bafilomycin A1; CAMKK2: calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 2, beta; CCCP: carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone; CNS: central nervous system; COX4I1: cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4I1; FFA: free fatty acid; GFAP: glial fibrillary acidic protein; HFD: high-fat diet; ICV: intracerebroventricular; LAMP2: lysosomal-associated membrane protein 2; LD: lipid droplet; MAP1LC3B/LC3B: microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta; MBH: mediobasal hypothalamus; ME: median eminence; MEF: mouse embryonic fibroblast; NCD: normal chow diet; NEFM/NFM: neurofilament medium; NPY: neuropeptide Y; OL: oleic acid; POMC: pro-opiomelanocortin-alpha; PRKN/Parkin: parkin RBR E3 ubiquitin protein ligase; Rax: retina and anterior neural fold homeobox; RBFOX3/NeuN: RNA binding protein, fox-1 homolog (C. elegans) 3; RER: respiratory exchange ratio; siRNA: small interfering RNA; SQSTM1: sequestosome 1; TG: triglyceride; TSPO: translocator protein; ULK1: unc-51 like kinase 1; VCO2: carbon dioxide production; VMH: ventromedial hypothalamus; VO2: oxygen consumption.

Project description:BackgroundThe effects of ingesting varying essential amino acid (EAA)/protein-containing food formats on protein kinetics during energy deficit are undetermined. Therefore, recommendations for EAA/protein food formats necessary to optimize both whole-body protein balance and muscle protein synthesis (MPS) during energy deficit are unknown. We measured protein kinetics after consuming iso-nitrogenous amounts of free-form essential amino acid-enriched whey (EAA?+?W; 34.7?g protein, 24?g EAA sourced from whey and free-form EAA), whey (WHEY; 34.7?g protein, 18.7?g EAA), or a mixed-macronutrient meal (MEAL; 34.7?g protein, 11.4?g EAA) after exercise during short-term energy deficit.MethodsTen adults (mean?±?SD; 21?±?4 y; 25.7?±?1.7?kg/m2) completed a randomized, double-blind crossover study consisting of three, 5 d energy-deficit periods (-?30?±?3% of total energy requirements), separated by 14 d. Whole-body protein synthesis (PS), breakdown (PB), and net balance (NET) were determined at rest and in response to combination exercise consisting of load carriage treadmill walking, deadlifts, and box step-ups at the end of each energy deficit using L-[2H5]-phenylalanine and L-[2H2]-tyrosine infusions. Treatments were ingested immediately post-exercise. Mixed-muscle protein synthesis (mixed-MPS) was measured during exercise through recovery.ResultsChange (? postabsorptive + exercise to postprandial + recovery [mean treatment difference (95%CI)]) in whole-body (g/180?min) PS was 15.8 (9.8, 21.9; P?=?0.001) and 19.4 (14.8, 24.0; P?=?0.001) greater for EAA?+?W than WHEY and MEAL, respectively, with no difference between WHEY and MEAL. ?PB was -?6.3 (-?11.5, -?1.18; P?=?0.02) greater for EAA?+?W than WHEY and?-?7.7 (-?11.9, -?3.6; P?=?0.002) greater for MEAL than WHEY, with no difference between EAA?+?W and MEAL. ?NET was 22.1 (20.5, 23.8; P?=?0.001) and 18.0 (16.5, 19.5; P?=?0.00) greater for EAA?+?W than WHEY and MEAL, respectively, while ?NET was 4.2 (2.7, 5.6; P?=?0.001) greater for MEAL than WHEY. Mixed-MPS did not differ between treatments.ConclusionsWhile mixed-MPS was similar across treatments, combining free-form EAA with whey promotes greater whole-body net protein balance during energy deficit compared to iso-nitrogenous amounts of whey or a mixed-macronutrient meal.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov, Identifier no. NCT04004715 . Retrospectively registered 28 June 2019, first enrollment 6 June 2019.

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Whey Protein Components - Lactalbumin and Lactoferrin - Improve Energy Balance and Metabolism.

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Whey Protein Components - Lactalbumin and Lactoferrin - Improve Energy Balance and Metabolism.

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