Suicide and self-harm trends in recent immigrant youth in Ontario, 1996-2012: a population-based longitudinal cohort study.

ABSTRACT:

Objective

To describe the trends in suicide and emergency department (ED) visits for self-harm in youth by immigration status and immigrant characteristics.

Design

Population-based longitudinal cohort study from 1996 to 2012 using linked health and administrative datasets.

Setting

Ontario, Canada.

Participants

Youth 10 to 24?years, living in Ontario, Canada.

Exposure

The main exposure was immigrant status (recent immigrant (RI) versus long-term residents (LTR)). Secondary exposures included region of birth, duration or residence, and refugee status.

Main outcome measure

Trends over time in suicide and ED self-harm were modelled within consecutive 3-year time periods. Rate ratios were estimated using Poisson regression models.

Results

2.5 to 2.9?million individuals were included per cohort period. LTR suicide rates ranged from 7.4 to 9.4/100?000 male person-years versus 2.2-3.4/100?000 females. RI's suicide rates were 2.7-7.2/100,000 male versus 1.9-2.7/100?000 female person-years. Suicide rates were lower among RI compared with LTR (adjusted relative rate (aRR)=0.70, 95% CI=0.57 to 0.85) with different mechanisms of suicide. No significant time trend in suicide rates was observed (p=0.40). ED self-harm rates for LTR and RI were highest in females (2.6-3.4/1000 LTR females versus 1.1-1.5/1000 males, 1.2-1.8/1000 RI females versus 0.4-0.6/1000 males). RI had lower rates of self-harm compared with LTR (aRR=0.60, 95%?CI=0.56 to 0.65). Stratum-specific rates showed a steeper decline per period in RI compared with LTR (RI: aRR=0.85, 95%?CI=0.81 to 0.89; LTR: aRR=0.91, 95%?CI=0.90 to 0.93). Observed trends were not universal across region of origin and by refugee status.

Interpretation

Suicide rates have been stable and ED self-harm rates are declining over time among RI youth. These trends by important subgroups should continue to be monitored to allow for early identification of subpopulations of immigrant youth in need of targeted and culturally appropriate public health interventions.

SUBMITTER: Saunders NR 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5589002 | biostudies-literature | 2017 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature