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The core transcriptome of mammalian placentas and the divergence of expression with placental shape.

ABSTRACT: The placenta is arguably the most anatomically variable organ in mammals even though its primary function is conserved.Using RNA-Seq, we measured the expression profiles of 55 term placentas of 14 species of mammals representing all major eutherian superordinal clades and marsupials, and compared the evolution of expression across clades.We identified a set of 115 core genes which is expressed (FPKM ?10) in all eutherian placentas, including genes with immune-modulating properties (ANXA2, ANXA1, S100A11, S100A10, and LGALS1), cell-cell interactions (LAMC1, LUM, and LGALS1), invasion (GRB2 and RALB) and syncytialization (ANXA5 and ANXA1). We also identified multiple pre-eclampsia associated genes which are differentially expressed in Homo sapiens when compared to the other 13 species. Multiple genes are significantly associated with placenta morphology, including EREG and WNT5A which are both associated with placental shape.115 genes are important for the core functions of the placenta in all eutherian species analyzed. The molecular functions and pathways enriched in the core placenta align with the evolutionarily conserved functionality of the placenta.

SUBMITTER: Armstrong DL

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5592967 | biostudies-literature | 2017 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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The core transcriptome of mammalian placentas and the divergence of expression with placental shape.

Armstrong Don L DL McGowen Michael R MR Weckle Amy A Pantham Priyadarshini P Caravas Jason J Agnew Dalen D Benirschke Kurt K Savage-Rumbaugh Sue S Nevo Eviatar E Kim Chong J CJ Wagner Günter P GP Romero Roberto R Wildman Derek E DE

Placenta 20170512

<h4>Introduction</h4>The placenta is arguably the most anatomically variable organ in mammals even though its primary function is conserved.<h4>Method</h4>Using RNA-Seq, we measured the expression profiles of 55 term placentas of 14 species of mammals representing all major eutherian superordinal clades and marsupials, and compared the evolution of expression across clades.<h4>Results</h4>We identified a set of 115 core genes which is expressed (FPKM ≥10) in all eutherian placentas, including ge ...[more]

PMID: 28864021

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Project description:An estimated 80% of genomic DNA in eukaryotes is packaged as nucleosomes, which, together with the remaining interstitial linker regions, generate higher order chromatin structures [1]. Nucleosome sequences isolated from diverse organisms exhibit ?10 bp periodic variations in AA, TT and GC dinucleotide frequencies. These sequence elements generate intrinsically curved DNA and help establish the histone-DNA interface. We investigated an important unanswered question concerning the interplay between chromatin organization and genome evolution: do the DNA sequence preferences inherent to the highly conserved histone core exert detectable natural selection on genomic divergence and polymorphism? To address this hypothesis, we isolated nucleosomal DNA sequences from Drosophila melanogaster embryos and examined the underlying genomic variation within and between species. We found that divergence along the D. melanogaster lineage is periodic across nucleosome regions with base changes following preferred nucleotides, providing new evidence for systematic evolutionary forces in the generation and maintenance of nucleosome-associated dinucleotide periodicities. Further, Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) frequency spectra show striking periodicities across nucleosomal regions, paralleling divergence patterns. Preferred alleles occur at higher frequencies in natural populations, consistent with a central role for natural selection. These patterns are stronger for nucleosomes in introns than in intergenic regions, suggesting selection is stronger in transcribed regions where nucleosomes undergo more displacement, remodeling and functional modification. In addition, we observe a large-scale (?180 bp) periodic enrichment of AA/TT dinucleotides associated with nucleosome occupancy, while GC dinucleotide frequency peaks in linker regions. Divergence and polymorphism data also support a role for natural selection in the generation and maintenance of these super-nucleosomal patterns. Our results demonstrate that nucleosome-associated sequence periodicities are under selective pressure, implying that structural interactions between nucleosomes and DNA sequence shape sequence evolution, particularly in introns.

Dataset Information

The core transcriptome of mammalian placentas and the divergence of expression with placental shape.

Publications

The core transcriptome of mammalian placentas and the divergence of expression with placental shape.

Similar Datasets

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