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Microbes in Infant Gut Development: Placing Abundance Within Environmental, Clinical and Growth Parameters.

ABSTRACT: Sound and timely microbial gut colonization completes newborn's healthy metabolic programming and manifests in infant appropriate growth and weight development. Feces, collected at 3, 30, and 90 days after birth from 60 breastfed Slovenian newborns, was submitted to microbial DNA extraction and qPCR quantification of selected gut associated taxa. Multivariate regression analysis was applied to evaluate microbial dynamics with respect to infant demographic, environmental, clinical characteristics and first year growth data. Early microbial variability was marked by the proportion of Bacilli, but diminished and converged in later samples, as bifidobacteria started to prevail. The first month proportions of enterococci were associated with maternity hospital locality and supplementation of breastfeeding with formulae, while Enterococcus faecalis proportion reflected the mode of delivery. Group Bacteroides-Prevotella proportion was associated with infant weight and ponderal index at first month. Infant mixed feeding pattern and health issues within the first month revealed the most profound and extended microbial perturbations. Our findings raise concerns over the ability of the early feeding supplementation to emulate and support the gut microbiota in a way similar to the exclusively breastfed infants. Additionally, practicing supplementation beyond the first month also manifested in higher first year weight and weight gain Z-score.

SUBMITTER: Obermajer T

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5593852 | biostudies-literature | 2017 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Microbes in Infant Gut Development: Placing Abundance Within Environmental, Clinical and Growth Parameters.

Obermajer Tanja T Grabnar Iztok I Benedik Evgen E Tušar Tina T Robič Pikel Tatjana T Fidler Mis Nataša N Bogovič Matijašić Bojana B Rogelj Irena I

Scientific reports 20170911 1

Sound and timely microbial gut colonization completes newborn's healthy metabolic programming and manifests in infant appropriate growth and weight development. Feces, collected at 3, 30, and 90 days after birth from 60 breastfed Slovenian newborns, was submitted to microbial DNA extraction and qPCR quantification of selected gut associated taxa. Multivariate regression analysis was applied to evaluate microbial dynamics with respect to infant demographic, environmental, clinical characteristics ...[more]

PMID: 28894126

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Project description:Background and aimsBirth mode and other early life factors affect a newborn's microbial colonization with potential long-term health effects. Individual variations in early life gut microbiota development, especially their effects on the functional repertoire of microbiota, are still poorly characterized. This study aims to provide new insights into the gut microbiome developmental trajectories during the first year of life.MethodsOur study comprised 78 term infants sampled at 3 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months (n = 280 total samples), and their mothers were sampled in late pregnancy (n = 50). Fecal DNA was subjected to shotgun metagenomic sequencing. Infant samples were studied for taxonomic and functional maturation, and maternal microbiota was used as a reference. Hierarchical clustering on taxonomic profiles was used to identify the main microbiota developmental trajectories in the infants, and their associations with perinatal and postnatal factors were assessed.ResultsIn line with previous studies, infant microbiota composition showed increased alpha diversity and decreased beta diversity by age, converging toward an adult-like profile. However, we did not observe an increase in functional alpha diversity, which was stable and comparable with the mother samples throughout all the sampling points. Using a de novo clustering approach, two main infant microbiota clusters driven by Bacteroidaceae and Clostridiaceae emerged at each time point. The clusters were associated with birth mode and their functions differed mainly in terms of biosynthetic and carbohydrate degradation pathways, some of which consistently differed between the clusters for all the time points. The longitudinal analysis indicated three main microbiota developmental trajectories, with the majority of the infants retaining their characteristic cluster until 1 year. As many as 40% of vaginally delivered infants were grouped with infants delivered by C-section due to their clear and persistent depletion in Bacteroides. Intrapartum antibiotics, any perinatal or postnatal factors, maternal microbiota composition, or other maternal factors did not explain the depletion in Bacteroides in the subset of vaginally born infants.ConclusionOur study provides an enhanced understanding of the compositional and functional early life gut microbiota trajectories, opening avenues for investigating elusive causes that influence non-typical microbiota development.

Dataset Information

Microbes in Infant Gut Development: Placing Abundance Within Environmental, Clinical and Growth Parameters.

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Microbes in Infant Gut Development: Placing Abundance Within Environmental, Clinical and Growth Parameters.

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