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Role of molecular turnover in dynamic deformation of a three-dimensional cellular membrane.

ABSTRACT: In cells, the molecular constituents of membranes are dynamically turned over by transportation from one membrane to another. This molecular turnover causes the membrane to shrink or expand by sensing the stress state within the cell, changing its morphology. At present, little is known as to how this turnover regulates the dynamic deformation of cellular membranes. In this study, we propose a new physical model by which molecular turnover is coupled with three-dimensional membrane deformation to explore mechanosensing roles of turnover in cellular membrane deformations. In particular, as an example of microscopic machinery, based on a coarse-graining description, we suppose that molecular turnover depends on the local membrane strain. Using the proposed model, we demonstrate computational simulations of a single vesicle. The results show that molecular turnover adaptively facilitates vesicle deformation, owing to its stress dependence; while the vesicle drastically expands in the case with low bending rigidity, it shrinks in that with high bending rigidity. Moreover, localized active tension on the membrane causes cellular migration by driving the directional transport of molecules within the cell. These results illustrate the use of the proposed model as well as the role of turnover in the dynamic deformations of cellular membranes.

SUBMITTER: Okuda S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5599494 | biostudies-literature | 2017 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Role of molecular turnover in dynamic deformation of a three-dimensional cellular membrane.

Okuda Satoru S Eiraku Mototsugu M

Biomechanics and modeling in mechanobiology 20170529 5

In cells, the molecular constituents of membranes are dynamically turned over by transportation from one membrane to another. This molecular turnover causes the membrane to shrink or expand by sensing the stress state within the cell, changing its morphology. At present, little is known as to how this turnover regulates the dynamic deformation of cellular membranes. In this study, we propose a new physical model by which molecular turnover is coupled with three-dimensional membrane deformation t ...[more]

PMID: 28555369

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Project description:Dynamic bone histomorphometry is the standard method for measuring bone remodeling at the level of individual events. Although dynamic bone histomorphometry is an invaluable tool for understanding osteoporosis and other metabolic bone diseases, the technique's two-dimensional nature requires the use of stereology and prevents measures of individual remodeling event number and size. Here, we used a novel three-dimensional fluorescence imaging technique to achieve measures of individual resorption cavities and formation events. We performed this three-dimensional histomorphometry approach using a common model of postmenopausal osteoporosis, the ovariectomized rat. The three-dimensional images demonstrated the spatial relationship between resorption cavities and formation events consistent with the hemiosteonal model of cancellous bone remodeling. Established ovariectomy was associated with significant increases in the number of resorption cavities per unit bone surface (2.38 ± 0.24 mm⁻² sham surgery versus 3.86 ± 0.35 mm⁻² bilateral ovariectomy [OVX], mean ± SD, p < 0.05) and total volume occupied by cavities per unit bone volume (0.38% ± 0.06% sham versus 1.12% ± 0.18% OVX, p < 0.001), but there was no difference in surface area per resorption cavity, maximum cavity depth, or cavity volume. In addition, we found that established ovariectomy is associated with increased size of bone formation events because of the merging of formation events (23,700 ± 6,890 µm² sham verusus 33,300 ± 7,950 µm² OVX). No differences in mineral apposition rate (determined in 3D) were associated with established ovariectomy. That established estrogen depletion is associated with increased number of remodeling events with only subtle changes in remodeling event size suggests that circulating estrogens may have their primary effect on the origination of new basic multicellular units with relatively little effect on the progression and termination of active remodeling events.

Dataset Information

Role of molecular turnover in dynamic deformation of a three-dimensional cellular membrane.

Publications

Role of molecular turnover in dynamic deformation of a three-dimensional cellular membrane.

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