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The landscape of fear conceptual framework: definition and review of current applications and misuses.

ABSTRACT: Landscapes of Fear (LOF), the spatially explicit distribution of perceived predation risk as seen by a population, is increasingly cited in ecological literature and has become a frequently used "buzz-word". With the increase in popularity, it became necessary to clarify the definition for the term, suggest boundaries and propose a common framework for its use. The LOF, as a progeny of the "ecology of fear" conceptual framework, defines fear as the strategic manifestation of the cost-benefit analysis of food and safety tradeoffs. In addition to direct predation risk, the LOF is affected by individuals' energetic-state, inter- and intra-specific competition and is constrained by the evolutionary history of each species. Herein, based on current applications of the LOF conceptual framework, I suggest the future research in this framework will be directed towards: (1) finding applied management uses as a trait defining a population's habitat-use and habitat-suitability; (2) studying multi-dimensional distribution of risk-assessment through time and space; (3) studying variability between individuals within a population; (4) measuring eco-neurological implications of risk as a feature of environmental heterogeneity and (5) expanding temporal and spatial scales of empirical studies.

SUBMITTER: Bleicher SS

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5600181 | biostudies-literature | 2017

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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The landscape of fear conceptual framework: definition and review of current applications and misuses.

Bleicher Sonny S SS

PeerJ 20170912

Landscapes of Fear (LOF), the spatially explicit distribution of perceived predation risk as seen by a population, is increasingly cited in ecological literature and has become a frequently used "buzz-word". With the increase in popularity, it became necessary to clarify the definition for the term, suggest boundaries and propose a common framework for its use. The LOF, as a progeny of the "ecology of fear" conceptual framework, defines fear as the strategic manifestation of the cost-benefit ana ...[more]

PMID: 28929015

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Project description:BackgroundDefining and measuring Health presents a challenge, partly due to its conceptual pluralism. To measure Health as an ability to adapt and self-manage, we developed an approach within the theoretical framework of resources and reserves over the life course, recently proposed in the literature. We aimed to (i) use the conceptual framework developed to identify indicators of deteriorating health reserves, (ii) construct an overall health measure from these indicators, (iii) evaluate the association between the overall health measure and subsequent health outcomes and (iv) assess the robustness of our method.MethodsWe used data from 7,043 individuals born in 1958 in Great Britain included in the National Child Development Study. An overall health measure was constructed via the sum of three selected indicators of deteriorating health reserves in mid-life: chronic widespread pain (CWP), Clinical Interview Schedule - revised (CIS-r), and allostatic load (AL). A three-category variable was defined: impaired/medium/optimal overall health. We explored criterion validity by modelling the relationships between the overall health measure, or each reserve taken separately at 44-45 years, and self-rated health at 46 years and mortality up to 58 years, corresponding to 14 years of follow up, using Cox and logistic regressions respectively. We performed comparative analyses to assess the robustness of the method.ResultsHaving an impaired overall health measure was significantly associated with all-cause premature mortality (HRimpaired = 2.74 [1.86; 4.05]) and an increased risk of later fair/poor/very poor self-rated health (ORimpaired = 7.50 [6.29; 8.95]). The overall health measure had a greater effect on the self-rated health estimates than each indicator of deteriorating health reserves considered separately (ORAL medium = 1.82 [1.59; 2.09]; ORAL high = 2.74 [2.37; 3.16]; ORCIS-r = 5.20 [4.45; 6.08]; ORCWP = 2.85 [2.53; 3.21]). CIS-r and allostatic load were also associated with premature mortality contrary to chronic widespread pain (HRAL medium1.82 [1.27; 2.61]; HRAL high = 3.10 [2.19; 4.40]; HRCIS-r = 1.77 [1.22; 2.56]; HRCWP = 1.32 [0.98; 1.76]). The multiple comparative analyses conducted allowed us to assess the robustness of our method within this cohort.ConclusionsWe proposed a method for measuring Health in mid-life in line with the concept of Health as the ability to adapt and self-manage and the concept of health reserves. This method may be applied and further developed within the field of social and positive epidemiology.

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The landscape of fear conceptual framework: definition and review of current applications and misuses.

Publications

The landscape of fear conceptual framework: definition and review of current applications and misuses.

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