Genetic Susceptibility, Change in Physical Activity, and Long-term Weight Gain.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Wang T
PROVIDER: S-EPMC5606317 | biostudies-literature | 2017 Oct
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Genetic Susceptibility, Change in Physical Activity, and Long-term Weight Gain.
Wang Tiange T Huang Tao T Heianza Yoriko Y Sun Dianjianyi D Zheng Yan Y Ma Wenjie W Jensen Majken K MK Kang Jae H JH Wiggs Janey L JL Pasquale Louis R LR Rimm Eric B EB Manson JoAnn E JE Hu Frank B FB Willett Walter C WC Qi Lu L
Diabetes 20170712 10
Whether change in physical activity over time modifies the genetic susceptibility to long-term weight gain is unknown. We calculated a BMI-genetic risk score (GRS) based on 77 BMI-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and a body fat percentage (BF%)-GRS based on 12 BF%-associated SNPs in 9,390 women from the Nurses' Health Study (NHS) and 5,291 men from the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study (HPFS). We analyzed the interactions between each GRS and change in physical activity on BM ...[more]
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Project description:Findings on weight training and waist circumference (WC) change are controversial. This study examined prospectively whether weight training, moderate to vigorous aerobic activity (MVAA), and replacement of one activity for another were associated with favorable changes in WC and body weight (BW).Physical activity, WC, and BW were reported in 1996 and 2008 in a cohort of 10,500 healthy U.S. men in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study. Multiple linear regression models (partition/substitution) to assess these associations were used.After adjusting for potential confounders, a significant inverse dose-response relationship between weight training and WC change (P-trend?<0.001) was observed. Less age-associated WC increase was seen with a 20-min/day activity increase; this benefit was significantly stronger for weight training (-0.67 cm, 95% CI -0.93, -0.41) than for MVAA (-0.33 cm, 95% CI -0.40, -0.27), other activities (-0.16 cm, 95% CI -0.28, -0.03), or TV watching (0.08 cm, 95% CI 0.05, 0.12). Substituting 20 min/day of weight training for any other discretionary activity had the strongest inverse association with WC change. MVAA had the strongest inverse association with BW change (-0.23 kg, 95% CI -0.29, -0.17).Among various activities, weight training had the strongest association with less WC increase. Studies on frequency/volume of weight training and WC change are warranted.
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Project description:(1) OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship between the choice of second-generation antidepressant drug treatment and long-term weight change; (2) METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study to investigate the relationship between choice of antidepressant medication and weight change at two years among adult patients with a new antidepressant treatment episode between January, 2006 and October, 2009 in a large health system in Washington State. Medication use, encounters, diagnoses, height, and weight were collected from electronic databases. We modeled change in weight and BMI at two years after initiation of treatment using inverse probability weighted linear regression models that adjusted for potential confounders. Fluoxetine was the reference treatment; (3) RESULTS: In intent-to-treat analyses, non-smokers who initiated bupropion treatment on average lost 7.1 lbs compared to fluoxetine users who were non-smokers (95% CI: -11.3, -2.8; p-value < 0.01); smokers who initiated bupropion treatment gained on average 2.2 lbs compared to fluoxetine users who were smokers (95% CI: -2.3, 6.8; p-value = 0.33). Changes in weight associated with all other antidepressant medications were not significantly different than fluoxetine, except for sertraline users, who gained an average of 5.9 lbs compared to fluoxetine users (95% CI: 0.8, 10.9; p-value = 0.02); (4) CONCLUSION: Antidepressant drug therapy is significantly associated with long-term weight change at two years. Bupropion may be considered as the first-line drug of choice for overweight and obese patients unless there are other existing contraindications.
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Project description:BACKGROUND:Phthalates are known endocrine disruptors and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) activators, potentially capable of promoting an obesogenic effect. Pregnant women are especially vulnerable to phthalate exposure due to physiological and metabolic changes during pregnancy, including those related to the metabolism of xenobiotics. Phthalate exposure during pregnancy has been associated with early gestational weight gain, however, its effect on long-term weight gain remains unclear. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the association between phthalate exposure during pregnancy and long-term changes in weight among women. METHODS:Urinary phthalate concentrations, socioeconomic, anthropometry and information on diet and socioeconomic status were collected during pregnancy from 178 women from the Early Life Exposure in Mexico to Environmental Toxicants (ELEMENT) birth cohort. Maternal body weight and diet information was also collected up to 5 times in the first year postpartum and twice during follow-up visits 5.2-10.7 years later. A path analysis was performed to assess associations between urinary phthalate metabolite levels during pregnancy and change in weight (kg) per year after delivery, including age, education, living with/without partner, parity, daily energy intake and breastfeeding duration. RESULTS:The mean age at pregnancy was 27.3?±?5.9 years and mean body mass index during the first postpartum year was 27.07?±?4.22?kg/m2. On average, women gained 3.48?kg (0.52?±?0.84?kg/year). A unit increase in log-transformed mono-3-carboxypropyl phthalate (MCPP) was associated with 0.33?kg (95% CI: 0.09, 0.56) higher weight gain per year, and mono-benzyl phthalate (MBzP) with 0.21?kg (95% CI: -0.38, -0.03) lower weight gain per year. CONCLUSION:Exposure to certain phthalates during pregnancy may be associated with long-term weight change in women. More studies on the effects of phthalate exposure during pregnancy on women's long-term health are required.
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Project description:BACKGROUND:Endothelial dysfunction is the first stage of the atherosclerotic cascade, and independently associated with cardiovascular events. We evaluated the associations of longitudinal changes in weight, waist circumference, body fat percentage and lean mass index with changes in endothelial function. METHODS:521 community-based subjects who belonged to hypertensive sibships and had no history of myocardial infarction or stroke had their anthropometric measures and endothelial function assessed a mean of 8.5 years apart. Endothelial function was assessed with brachial artery ultrasound, yielding measures of flow-mediated dilation and reactive hyperemia. We used multivariable linear regression with generalised estimating equations to assess the associations of longitudinal changes (?) in anthropometric measures with ? flow-mediated dilation and reactive hyperemia, adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS:Mean±standard deviation age was 57.6±8.7years, 58% were women, and 72% were hypertensive. Most (84%) were overweight or obese at baseline. At end of follow-up, flow-mediated dilation and reactive hyperemia increased by 1.9±7.6% and 51.2±605.8% on average, respectively. In multivariable linear regression, changes in anthropometric measures were not associated with changes in flow-mediated dilation. However, ? weight (?±SE: -9.00±2.35), ? waist circumference (-6.78±2.21) and ? body fat percentage (-19.72±5.62, P<0.0001 for each) were inversely associated with ? reactive hyperemia. ? lean mass index was not associated with ? reactive hyperemia. CONCLUSIONS:Long-term increases in weight, waist circumference and body fat percentage are associated with progressive worsening of microvascular endothelial function, but not conduit vessel endothelial function, in subjects without a history of cardiovascular events, independently of risk factors.
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