Advanced Human Immunodeficiency Virus Disease at Diagnosis in Mozambique and Swaziland.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND:Early diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a prerequisite to maximizing individual and societal benefits of antiretroviral therapy. METHODS:Adults ?18 years of age testing HIV positive at 10 health facilities in Mozambique and Swaziland received point-of-care CD4+ cell count testing immediately after diagnosis. We examined median CD4+ cell count at diagnosis, the proportion diagnosed with advanced HIV disease (CD4+ cell count ?350 cells/?L) and severe immunosuppression (CD4+ cell count ?100 cells/?L), and determinants of the latter 2 measures. RESULTS:Among 2333 participants, the median CD4+ cell count at diagnosis was 313 cells/?L (interquartile range, 164-484), more than half (56.5%) had CD4+ ?350 cells/?L, and 13.9% had CD4+ ?100 cells/?L. The adjusted relative risk (aRR) of both advanced HIV disease and severe immunosuppression at diagnosis was higher in men versus women (advanced disease aRR = 1.31; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.16-1.48; severe immunosuppression aRR = 1.54, 95% CI = 1.17-2.02) and among those who sought HIV testing because they felt ill (advanced disease aRR = 1.30, 95% CI = 1.08-1.55; severe immunosuppression aRR = 2.10, 95% CI = 1.35-2.26). Age 18-24 versus 25-39 was associated with a lower risk of both outcomes (advanced disease aRR = 0.70, 95% CI = 0.59-0.84; severe immunosuppression aRR = 0.62, 95% CI = 0.41-0.95). CONCLUSIONS:More than 10 years into the global scale up of comprehensive HIV services, the majority of adults diagnosed with HIV at health facilities in 2 high-prevalence countries presented with advanced disease and 1 in 7 had severe immunosuppression. Innovative strategies for early identification of HIV-positive individuals are urgently needed.

SUBMITTER: Kujawski SA 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5610724 | biostudies-literature | 2017

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature