Cleavage Alters the Molecular Determinants of Protein Kinase C-? Catalytic Activity.

ABSTRACT: Protein kinase C-? (PKC?) is an allosterically activated enzyme that acts much like other PKC isoforms to transduce growth factor-dependent signaling responses. However, PKC? is unique in that activation loop (Thr507) phosphorylation is not required for catalytic activity. Since PKC? can be proteolytically cleaved by caspase-3 during apoptosis, the prevailing assumption has been that the kinase domain fragment (?KD) freed from autoinhibitory constraints imposed by the regulatory domain is catalytically competent and that Thr507 phosphorylation is not required for ?KD activity. This study provides a counternarrative showing that ?KD activity is regulated through Thr507 phosphorylation. We show that Thr507-phosphorylated ?KD is catalytically active and not phosphorylated at Ser359 in its ATP-positioning G-loop. In contrast, a ?KD fragment that is not phosphorylated at Thr507 (which accumulates in doxorubicin-treated cardiomyocytes) displays decreased C-terminal tail priming-site phosphorylation, increased G-loop Ser359 phosphorylation, and defective kinase activity. ?KD is not a substrate for Src, but Src phosphorylates ?KD-T507A at Tyr334 (in the newly exposed ?KD N terminus), and this (or an S359A substitution) rescues ?KD-T507A catalytic activity. These results expose a unique role for ?KD-Thr507 phosphorylation (that does not apply to full-length PKC?) in structurally organizing diverse elements within the enzyme that critically regulate catalytic activity.

SUBMITTER: Gong J 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5615191 | biostudies-literature | 2017 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature