Dataset Information

Nonmotor symptoms and Parkinson disease in United States farmers and spouses.

ABSTRACT:

Objectives

Few studies have evaluated the presence of multiple nonmotor symptoms (NMS) in relation to Parkinson disease (PD). Therefore, we examined cross-sectional associations between individual and multiple NMS and PD in the Agricultural Health Study.

Methods

20,473 male farmers and 16,259 female spouses provided information on six NMS (reduced sense of smell, dream-enacting behavior, daytime sleepiness, infrequent bowel movement, depression, and anxiety) in the cohort's 2013-2015 follow-up survey. 191 men and 68 women reported physician-diagnosed PD. We estimated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using multivariable logistic regression models separately by sex.

Results

NMS were each associated with PD, with the strongest association for reduced sense of smell in men and dream-enacting behavior in women. The number of NMS showed a strong dose-response relationship with PD, particularly in men. ORs were 5.5 (95% CI 3.4-8.8) for one, 17 (95% CI 10.4-28.0) for two, and 53.4 (95% CI 33.2-86.1) for three or more NMS in men; the corresponding ORs were 4.6 (95% CI 2.3-9.5), 6.7 (95% CI 2.9-15.6), and 23.6 (95% CI 10.7-52.4) in women (PNMS-interaction-with-sex = 0.07).

Conclusions

The number of NMS was associated with PD in a dose-response manner and the association appeared stronger in men than in women. These findings should be further investigated in population-based prospective studies.

SUBMITTER: Shrestha S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5617219 | biostudies-literature | 2017

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Nonmotor symptoms and Parkinson disease in United States farmers and spouses.

Shrestha Srishti S Kamel Freya F Umbach David M DM Beane Freeman Laura E LE Koutros Stella S Alavanja Michael M Sandler Dale P DP Chen Honglei H

PloS one 20170927 9

<h4>Objectives</h4>Few studies have evaluated the presence of multiple nonmotor symptoms (NMS) in relation to Parkinson disease (PD). Therefore, we examined cross-sectional associations between individual and multiple NMS and PD in the Agricultural Health Study.<h4>Methods</h4>20,473 male farmers and 16,259 female spouses provided information on six NMS (reduced sense of smell, dream-enacting behavior, daytime sleepiness, infrequent bowel movement, depression, and anxiety) in the cohort's 2013-2 ...[more]

PMID: 28953962

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Project description:BackgroundExtensive literature suggests an association between general pesticide use and Parkinson's disease (PD). However, with few exceptions, little is known about associations between specific pesticides and PD.ObjectiveWe evaluated use of pesticides and incident PD in 38,274 pesticide applicators and 27,836 of their spouses in the Agricultural Health Study cohort followed over 20 years.MethodsWe used self-reported information on ever-use of 50 specific pesticides as of enrollment for both applicators and spouses, and considered intensity-weighted lifetime days (IWLD) reported at enrollment and through the first 5-year follow-up among applicators. We estimated covariate-adjusted hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) using Cox regression. We also examined heterogeneity in associations by history of head injury and chemical resistant glove use.ResultsA total of 373 applicators and 118 spouses self-reported incident doctor-diagnosed PD. Ever-use of the insecticide terbufos (HR:1.31, 95%CI:1.02-1.68) and the herbicides trifluralin (HR:1.29, 95%CI: 0.99-1.70) and 2,4,5-T (HR:1.57, 95%CI:1.21-2.04) was associated with elevated PD risk. On the other hand, diazinon (HR:0.73, 95%CI: 0.58-0.94) and 2,4,5-TP (HR:0.39, 95%CI:0.25-0.62) were associated with reduced risk. We observed heterogeneity in ever-use associations by head injury and chemical-resistant glove use for some pesticides, with higher risk among those who reported a history of head injury, or who did not use gloves. PD risk was also elevated for applicators in the highest category of IWLD for dichlorvos, permethrin (animal use), and benomyl.ConclusionsWe found evidence of increased PD risk for some pesticides. Our results also suggest higher susceptibility for pesticide-associated PD among individuals with head injury as well as protection with use of chemical resistant gloves, although further research is needed to understand the impact of head injury. Research on current and newer pesticides, including mechanisms relevant to PD, is important given widespread pesticide use.

Dataset Information

Nonmotor symptoms and Parkinson disease in United States farmers and spouses.

Objectives

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Publications

Nonmotor symptoms and Parkinson disease in United States farmers and spouses.

Similar Datasets

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