Dataset Information

Real-Time Two-Dimensional Magnetic Particle Imaging for Electromagnetic Navigation in Targeted Drug Delivery.

ABSTRACT: Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) are effective drug carriers. By using electromagnetic actuated systems, MNPs can be controlled noninvasively in a vascular network for targeted drug delivery (TDD). Although drugs can reach their target location through capturing schemes of MNPs by permanent magnets, drugs delivered to non-target regions can affect healthy tissues and cause undesirable side effects. Real-time monitoring of MNPs can improve the targeting efficiency of TDD systems. In this paper, a two-dimensional (2D) real-time monitoring scheme has been developed for an MNP guidance system. Resovist particles 45 to 65 nm in diameter (5 nm core) can be monitored in real-time (update rate = 2 Hz) in 2D. The proposed 2D monitoring system allows dynamic tracking of MNPs during TDD and renders magnetic particle imaging-based navigation more feasible.

SUBMITTER: Le TA

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5621117 | biostudies-literature | 2017 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Real-Time Two-Dimensional Magnetic Particle Imaging for Electromagnetic Navigation in Targeted Drug Delivery.

Le Tuan-Anh TA Zhang Xingming X Hoshiar Ali Kafash AK Yoon Jungwon J

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) 20170907 9

Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) are effective drug carriers. By using electromagnetic actuated systems, MNPs can be controlled noninvasively in a vascular network for targeted drug delivery (TDD). Although drugs can reach their target location through capturing schemes of MNPs by permanent magnets, drugs delivered to non-target regions can affect healthy tissues and cause undesirable side effects. Real-time monitoring of MNPs can improve the targeting efficiency of TDD systems. In this paper, a tw ...[more]

PMID: 28880220

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Project description:PurposeTo assess the feasibility of combined electromagnetic device tracking and computed tomography (CT)/ultrasonography (US)/fluorine 18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) fusion for real-time feedback during percutaneous and intraoperative biopsies and hepatic radiofrequency (RF) ablation.Materials and methodsIn this HIPAA-compliant, institutional review board-approved prospective study with written informed consent, 25 patients (17 men, eight women) underwent 33 percutaneous and three intraoperative biopsies of 36 FDG-avid targets between November 2007 and August 2010. One patient underwent biopsy and RF ablation of an FDG-avid hepatic focus. Targets demonstrated heterogeneous FDG uptake or were not well seen or were totally inapparent at conventional imaging. Preprocedural FDG PET scans were rigidly registered through a semiautomatic method to intraprocedural CT scans. Coaxial biopsy needle introducer tips and RF ablation electrode guider needle tips containing electromagnetic sensor coils were spatially tracked through an electromagnetic field generator. Real-time US scans were registered through a fiducial-based method, allowing US scans to be fused with intraprocedural CT and preacquired FDG PET scans. A visual display of US/CT image fusion with overlaid coregistered FDG PET targets was used for guidance; navigation software enabled real-time biopsy needle and needle electrode navigation and feedback.ResultsSuccessful fusion of real-time US to coregistered CT and FDG PET scans was achieved in all patients. Thirty-one of 36 biopsies were diagnostic (malignancy in 18 cases, benign processes in 13 cases). RF ablation resulted in resolution of targeted FDG avidity, with no local treatment failure during short follow-up (56 days).ConclusionCombined electromagnetic device tracking and image fusion with real-time feedback may facilitate biopsies and ablations of focal FDG PET abnormalities that would be challenging with conventional image guidance.

Project description:BackgroundEndomyocardial biopsies (EMB) are an important diagnostic tool for myocarditis and other infiltrative cardiac diseases. Routinely, biopsies are obtained under fluoroscopic guidance with a substantial radiation burden. Despite procedural success, there is a large sampling error caused by missing the affected myocardium. Therefore, multiple (>6) biopsies are taken in the clinical setting. In cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR), late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) depicts areas of affected myocardium in myocarditis or in other infiltrative cardiomyopathies. Thus, targeted biopsy under real-time CMR image guidance might reduce the problem of sampling error.MethodsSeven minipigs of the Goettingen strain underwent radiofrequency ablation in the left ventricle. At least two focal lesions were induced on the lateral wall in five and the apex in two animals. Each ablation lesion was created by two consecutive 30 sec ablations (max. 30 W, temperature 60-64 °C). Biopsies were taken immediately after lesion induction using a commercially available 7 F conventional bioptome under fluoroscopic guidance at the ablation site. Afterwards the animals underwent CMR and lesion visualization by LGE at 3T. The lesions were then targeted and biopsied under CMR-guidance using a MR-conditional bioptome guided by a steerable catheter. Interactive real-time (RT) visualization of the intervention on an in-room monitor was based on radial FLASH with nonlinear inverse reconstruction (NLINV) at a temporal resolution of 42 ms. All samples underwent a standard histological evaluation.ResultsRadiofrequency ablation was successful in all animals. Fluoroscopy-guided biopsies were performed with a success rate of 6/6 minipigs - resulting in a nonlethal pericardial effusion in one animal. Visualization of radiofrequency lesions by CMR was successful in 7/7 minipig, i.e. at least one lesion was clearly visible. Localization and tracking of the catheters and the bioptome using interactive control of the imaging plane was achieved in 6/6 MP; however in the animal with a large pericardial effusion after EMB under fluoroscopy no further EMB was attempted for safety reasons. Biopsies under interactive RT-CMR guidance were successfully performed in 5/6 animals, in one animal the bioptome reached the lesion, however the forceps did not cut out a sample. Specimens obtained under CMR guidance contained part of the lesion in 6/15 (40%) myocardial specimens and in 4/5 (80%) animals in which samples were achieved. Conventional biopsies revealed ablation lesions in 4/17 (23.5%) specimens in 3/6 minipigs (50%).ConclusionFocal lesions induced by radiofrequency ablation in a minipig model are a useful tool for CMR-guided biopsy studies. In contrast to fluoroscopy, CMR provides excellent visualization of lesions. Interactive real-time CMR allows excellent passive tracking of the instruments and EMB provides significantly superior sampling accuracy compared to fluoroscopy-guided biopsies. Nonetheless, further improvements of MR-compatible bioptomes and guiding catheters are essential before applying this method in a clinical setting.

Dataset Information

Real-Time Two-Dimensional Magnetic Particle Imaging for Electromagnetic Navigation in Targeted Drug Delivery.

Publications

Real-Time Two-Dimensional Magnetic Particle Imaging for Electromagnetic Navigation in Targeted Drug Delivery.

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