Mycobacterium riyadhense in Saudi Arabia.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Varghese B
PROVIDER: S-EPMC5621544 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:Using shotgun metagenomics, we identified an imported case of multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium leprae in a Filipino resident of Saudi Arabia in 2017. We determined the phylogenomic lineage (3K1) and identified mutations in rpoB and rrs corresponding to the multidrug-resistance phenotype clinically observed. Metagenomics sequencing can be used to identify multidrug-resistant M. leprae.
| S-EPMC7045828 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundThe phylogeographical structure of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is generally bimodal in low tuberculosis (TB) incidence countries, where genetic lineages of the isolates generally differ with little strain clustering between autochthonous and foreign-born TB patients. However, less is known on this structure in Saudi Arabia-the most important hub of human migration as it hosts a total population of expatriates and pilgrims from all over the world which is equal to that of its citizens.MethodologyWe explored the mycobacterial phylogenetic structure and strain molecular clustering in Saudi Arabia by genotyping 322 drug-resistant clinical isolates collected over a 12-month period in a national drug surveillance survey, using 24 locus-based MIRU-VNTR typing and spoligotyping.Principal findingsIn contrast to the cosmopolitan population of the country, almost all the known phylogeographic lineages of M. tuberculosis complex (with noticeable exception of Mycobacterium africanum/West-African 1 and 2) were detected, with Delhi/CAS (21.1%), EAI (11.2%), Beijing (11.2%) and main branches of the Euro-American super-lineage such as Ghana (14.9%), Haarlem (10.6%) and Cameroon (7.8%) being represented. Statistically significant associations of strain lineages were observed with poly-drug resistance and multi drug resistance especially among previously treated cases (p value of <?=?0.001 for both types of resistance), with relative over-representation of Beijing strains in the latter category. However, there was no significant difference among Saudi and non-Saudi TB patients regarding distribution of phylogenetic lineages (p?=?0.311). Moreover, 59.5% (22/37) of the strain molecular clusters were shared between the Saudi born and immigrant TB patients.ConclusionsSpecific distribution of M. tuberculosis phylogeographic lineages is not observed between the autochthonous and foreign-born populations. These observations might reflect both socially favored ongoing TB transmission between the two population groups, and historically deep-rooted, prolonged contacts and trade relations of the peninsula with other world regions. More vigorous surveillance and strict adherence to tuberculosis control policies are urgently needed in the country.
| S-EPMC3562184 | biostudies-literature
Project description:This study constitutes a first attempt to describe the genetic population structure and drug resistance of the tubercle bacilli circulating in Saudi Arabia. A total of 1,505 clinical isolates of M. tuberculosis, isolated between 2002 and 2005 from seven regions of Saudi Arabia, were studied. The sample studied showed a male-to-female sex ratio of 1.27, with half of the cases among foreign-born individuals and 47% within the 21- to 40-year-old age group; a total resistance rate of 19.7%; and multiple drug resistance of 4.5%. Upon spoligotyping, a total of 387 individual patterns were obtained (clustering rate, 86.4%; 182 clusters containing between 2 and 130 isolates per cluster). A total of 94% of the strains matched the spoligotype patterns in an international database. Nearly 81% of the isolates in this study belonged to established phylogeographic clades: Central Asian (CAS), 22.5%; ill-defined T clade, 19.5%; East African-Indian (EAI), 13.5%; Haarlem, 7.5%; Latin American-Mediterranean, 7.2%; Beijing, 4.4%; Manu, 2.7%; X, 0.9%; and Bovis, 0.9%. Two clonal complexes with unique spoligotyping signatures (octal codes 703777707770371 and 467777377413771) specific to Saudi Arabia were identified. These belonged to the CAS and EAI clades, respectively, as confirmed upon secondary typing using mycobacterial interspersed repetitive units (MIRUs). The results obtained underline the predominance of historic clones of principal genetic group 1, which are responsible for roughly 45% of all tuberculosis cases in Saudi Arabia. The high rate of clustering observed might be an indication of rapid ongoing transmission within certain communities and/or subpopulations in Saudi Arabia; nonetheless, spoligotyping is known to overestimate clustering, and only a systematic second-line typing, such as MIRUs, coupled with a better tuberculosis registry and epidemiological investigations would allow us to know the exact rate of ongoing transmission and associated risk factors in Saudi Arabia.
| S-EPMC1951255 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Genomic characterization of Multi-Drug Resistant Uropathogenic Escherichia coli isolates from Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| PRJEB17503 | ENA
Project description:A microarray experimental design with dye balancing was adopted to compare the gene expression profiles of the following experimental groups; Field collected Makkah and Jeddah strains unexposed to any insecticide Fully insecticide susceptible New Orleans and Rockefeller laboratory strains. Laboratory Jeddah strain (F5) without exposure to insecticides Laboratory Jeddah strains selected for deltamethrin resistance (F5). For each comparison (field, lab selected or unselected vs susceptible), three biological replicates were used. The two susceptible strains, New Orleans and Rockefeller served as reference.
2023-01-30 | E-MTAB-10671 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) testing is the practice of obtaining a cellular biopsy sample from a developing human oocyte or embryo, acquired via a cycle of in vitro fertilization (IVF); evaluating the genetic composition of this sample; and using this information to determine which embryos will be optimal for subsequent uterine transfer. PGD has become an increasingly useful adjunct to IVF procedures. The ability to provide couples who are known carriers of genetic abnormalities the opportunity to deliver healthy babies has opened a new frontier in reproductive medicine. The purpose of the PGD is enables us to choose which embryos will be implanted into the mother. In the present study 137 families who had undergone IVF at Habib Medical Centre, were enrolled for the PGD analysis. The couple visited the clinic for the sex selection, recurrent fetal loss and with the recurrent IVF failure. 802 embryos were tested by the biopsy method and 512 are found to be normal and 290 were abnormal embryos. In this study only 24% of the embryos were transferred and the remaining was not transferred because of the abnormalities or undesired sex of the embryos. The structural and numerical abnormalities were found to be 16.8%.
| S-EPMC3670120 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Medicines are at the core of every health system. The World Health Organization recommends countries develop national medicines policies that guide production, procurement, prescription and provision of medicines so that people can access the medicines they need at prices they can afford, while avoiding irrational use. However, the development of such policies is rarely straightforward. We describe important components of the national medicines policy in Saudi Arabia, which was developed within a broader transformation of the health system and the economy. The new policy formalizes existing best practices, shapes emerging policies and sets a direction for future development in four main areas. First, the policy seeks to consolidate institutional roles to provide greater cohesion; second it aims to reshape procurement and prescribing habits, with a greater focus on cost containment; third, it lays out policies which focus on assuring a secure supply of good-quality medicines, including essential medicines with limited profit potential and new products. Finally, the policy supports the growth of the domestic pharmaceutical industry, including the development of human resources. Many sectors and institutions joined in the development of the medicines policy, which was underpinned by a review of the past and current pharmaceutical context in Saudi Arabia, and good practices globally. The resulting policy was built on evidence and endeavours to give clear direction to the pharmaceutical industry and implementing agencies on rules and requirements, professional norms and institutional roles. At the same time, it maintains flexibility to allow for adaptation in a rapidly evolving institutional landscape.
| S-EPMC9306383 | biostudies-literature
Project description:[No Abstract Available].
| S-EPMC5556292 | biostudies-other
Project description:Background Gallbladder cancer is generally rare but can be more common in some populations. The aim of this study was to present an analysis of gallbladder cancer epidemiology in Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods A retrospective study of gallbladder cancer cases in Saudi Arabia from 2004 to 2015 was conducted. The gallbladder cancer data were accessed through the Saudi Cancer Registry (SCR) reports for 13 administrative regions. The number of gallbladder cancer cases with percentage, the crude incidence rate (CIR) and the age-standardised incidence rate (ASIR), stratified by regions, gender, and the years of diagnoses were analysed. Results A total of 1678 gallbladder cancer cases, 702 in males and 976 in females, were registered between 2004 and 2015. Saudi women and men in the 75 and above age-group were found to have the highest diagnosis rate of gallbladder cancer. In males, the overall ASIR among Saudi males was 1.1 per 100,000 (95% CI, 0.9 to 1.2). The Eastern region had the highest overall ASIR at 1.5 per 100,000 males, followed by Tabuk and Riyadh at 1.4 and 1.3 higher than other regions (F(12,143)=1.930, P<0.001). The overall ASIR among Saudi females was 1.6 per 100,000 (95% CI, 1.4 to 1.7). Riyadh had the highest overall ASIR at 2.4 per 100,000 females, followed by the Eastern region, and Qassim at 1.9 and 1.5, respectively, all higher than other provinces of the country (F(12,143)=2.496, P<0.005). The ASIR and CIR were lower among males than females (ratio 0.7). Conclusion Gallbladder cancer incidence is relatively low in Saudi Arabia. The rates were higher in females than males. ASIR showed variations between different provinces of Saudi Arabia. In females, the highest ASIR was in Riyadh. In males, ASIR was highest in the Eastern region of Saudi Arabia.
| S-EPMC7538003 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Mucolipidosis II (MLII) is characterized by severe global developmental delay, coarse facial features, skeletal deformities, and other systemic involvement. It is caused by a deficiency in N-acetylglucosamine-1 phosphotransferase.This is a case series study conducted at King Abdulaziz Medical City in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, between 2008-2012.We described three unrelated Saudi children who presented with neonatal hyperparathyroidism, microcephaly, craniosynostosis, coarse facial features, cardiac involvement, and skeletal deformities.The MLII diagnosis was confirmed by assaying enzyme activities in fibroblasts, which showed a severe reduction in hydrolyzed substrates compared to controls, and by identifying a pathogenic homozygous GNPTAB gene mutation. One of the children died at 2 months of age due to severe pulmonary hypertension, and the other two children were still alive at 12 months and 18 months of age, respectively. Both surviving children had severe global developmental delay at 2 months of age.Clinicians should investigate any child presenting with neonatal hyperparathyroidism, craniosynostosis, skeletal deformities, and coarse facial features for MLII.
| S-EPMC6078501 | biostudies-literature