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Vitamin D Nutritional Status and its Related Factors for Chinese Children and Adolescents in 2010-2012.

ABSTRACT: Vitamin D plays a critical role in calcium and phosphate metabolism and helps maintain skeletal integrity in childhood, yet vitamin D status in Chinese children and adolescents is not well documented. The aim of this study was to assess the vitamin D status and analyze the risk factors for vitamin D deficiency in Chinese children and adolescents aged 6-17 years. Serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) was measured with a radioimmunoassay kit in 15,000 children and adolescent participants in the Chinese national nutrition and health survey (CNNHS) 2010-2012. Age, gender, region type, ethnicity, outdoor time, and vitamin D supplementation were recorded in unified design questionnaires. The season was recorded by the date of blood taken; location was divided into north and south by China's Qinling Mountains and Huaihe River; and ambient ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation level was classified according to the corresponding dose of each participant living area from National Aeronautics and Space Administration data. 14,473 participants from the cross-sectional study of CNNHS 2010-2012 were included in this study. The median serum 25(OH)D concentration was 48.2 (35.4-63.4) nmol/L, and the concentration for males was 50.0 (36.5-65.7) nmol/L, which was statistically higher than that of females (46.7 (34.4-60.9) nmol/L) (P < 0.001). The general prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was 53.2%; 50.0% for males and 56.5% for females at the cut-off 50 nmol/L. According to the results of the log-binomial regression analysis, vitamin D deficiency in Chinese children and adolescents was specifically related to female gender (P < 0.0001), to ages 12-14 years (P < 0.0001) and 15-17 years (P < 0.0001), living in large cities (P < 0.0001) or ordinary rural areas (P < 0.0001), low ambient UVB levels (P < 0.0001) and medium ambient UVB levels (P < 0.0001), spring (P < 0.0001), autumn (P < 0.0001) and winter seasons (P < 0.0001). The data showed that vitamin D deficiency was very common among children and adolescents aged 6-17 years in China. Effective sun exposure should be encouraged in both genders aged 6-17 years, dietary vitamin D and vitamin D supplements are also recommended, especially in the seasons of spring and winter.

SUBMITTER: Hu Y

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5622784 | biostudies-literature | 2017 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Vitamin D Nutritional Status and its Related Factors for Chinese Children and Adolescents in 2010-2012.

Hu Yichun Y Chen Jing J Wang Rui R Li Min M Yun Chunfeng C Li Weidong W Yang Yanhua Y Piao Jianhua J Yang Xiaoguang X Yang Lichen L

Nutrients 20170915 9

Vitamin D plays a critical role in calcium and phosphate metabolism and helps maintain skeletal integrity in childhood, yet vitamin D status in Chinese children and adolescents is not well documented. The aim of this study was to assess the vitamin D status and analyze the risk factors for vitamin D deficiency in Chinese children and adolescents aged 6-17 years. Serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) was measured with a radioimmunoassay kit in 15,000 children and adolescent participants in the Chin ...[more]

PMID: 28914773

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Project description:Background: The problem of vitamin D deficiency is particularly relevant for the entire territory of Russia, since most parts of the country are located above the 42nd geographical latitude and the residents are therefore at risk of vitamin D deficiency. Despite the urgency of the problem, a comprehensive study of the molecular and genetic mechanisms and exogenous factors of vitamin D deficiency in children living in various geographical areas of the Russian Federation has not been conducted. Different variants in the loci of the genes responsible for the synthesis, hydroxylation, and transport of vitamin D (such as DHCR7, CYP2R1, CYP24A1, and GC), as well as VDR gene polymorphisms may also be associated with the risk of vitamin D deficiency. The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of exogenous factors on the blood levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) in children of three regions of the Russian Federation, as well as the relationship of blood 25(OH)D levels with polymorphic variants of cytochrome P450 genes and VDR gene. Methods: We conducted blood 25(OH)D level analysis in 333 healthy children and adolescents in three regions located in different geographical zones of the Russian Federation. We studied the polymorphic variants c.1075A>C (I359L, rs1057910, CYP2C9*3) and c.430C>T (R144C, rs1799853, CYP2C9*2) in the CYP2C9 gene, c.1334T>C (M445T, rs4986910, CYP3A4*3), and CYP3A4*1B (c.-392C>T, rs2740574) in the CYP3A4 gene, 1846G>A, (rs3892097, CYP2D6*4) in the CYP2D6gene, TaqI (NM_000376.2: c.1056T>C; rs731236), FokI (NM_000376.2:c.2T>C; (rs2228570), and BsmI (NM_000376.2: c.1024+283G>A; rs1544410) in the VDR gene. We also analyzed the influence of exogenous factors on the level of 25(OH)D in children of the three study regions, as well as the relationship of the level of 25(OH)D with variants CYP2C9*2 (c.430C>T; R144C), CYP2C9*3 (c,1075A>C; I359L), CYP2D6*4 (1846G>A), CYP3A4*3 (c.1334T>C), and CYP3A4*1B (c.-392C>T) and rs731236, rs2228570 and rs1544410 in the VDR gene. Results: We found that the blood level of 25(OH)D depended on the geographical location and the number of sunny days per year. The average blood level of 25(OH)D in adolescent boys was statistically significantly lower than in girls of this age group. The level of 25(OH)D also significantly depended on the prophylactic dose of cholecalciferol administered to the subjects. In the study, it was shown that a dose of cholecalciferol ?1,000 IU per day can achieve a normal level of 25(OH)D in healthy children. We found no statistically significant association between single-nucleotide polymorphic variants of cytochrome P450 genes (CYP2C9*3, CYP3A4*3, CYP2C9*2, CYP2D6*4, and CYP3A4*1B) and blood level of 25(OH)D in the subjects. We also did not find a relationship between the TaqI, FokI, and BsmI polymorphisms of the VDR gene and serum 25(OH)D concentration. Conclusion: Exogenous factors (time of year, place of residence, and prophylactic administration of cholecalciferol), as well as endogenous factors (age and sex), play a determining role in the development of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency; in contrast to genetic factors—polymorphic variants of the genes of xenobiotic phase 1 enzymes (CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4) and the VDR gene—which do not play such role. This study shows the need to create a diagnostic algorithm for Vitamin D deficiency based on the age, season of the year, and prophylactic dose of cholecalciferol.

Project description:BackgroundA high prevalence of suboptimal serum vitamin D has been reported among HIV infected children even in countries with high sunshine abundance throughout the year. Vitamin D is a potent immune modulator of innate and adaptive immune responses. Vitamin D regulates immune responses through the vitamin D receptor on CD4 cells. We aimed to determine the vitamin D status of HIV infected children and factors associated with suboptimal vitamin D.MethodsThis was a cross sectional study. We enrolled children aged between 6 months and 12 years attending an outpatient paediatric HIV clinic. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) was measured using the electrochemoluminisence method. Suboptimal vitamin D was defined as 25(OH)D <30 ng/ml, vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency were 21-29 ng/ml and <20 ng/ml respectively. Anthropometry, physical exam and medical history were documented. Logistic regression was performed.ResultsWe enrolled 376 children with mean age (sd) 8.05 years (3.03), a median (IQR) duration of ART of 5.9 years (3.2-8.4). Majority of the children (64%) had been exposed to non nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs). A third were severely immunosuppressed (CD4% ≤15%) at ART initiation. At the time of the study, the majority (89%) were virologically suppressed (VL <1000 copies/ml). Prevalence of 25(OH)D <30 ng/ml was 49 (13%) of 375 participants and 11 (3%) had 25(OH)D <20 ng/ml. Lopinavir/ritonavir regimen was independently associated with 25(OH)D <30 ng/ml; OR 0.27 CI (0.13-0.57), p value-0.002. Serum 25(OH)D <20 ng/ml was associated with CD4 count ≤15% at ART initiation OR 6.55(1.30-32.9), p value-0.023 and use of NNRTIs; OR 10.9(1.22-96.2), p value-0.03.ConclusionWe found a low prevalence of suboptimal vitamin D compared to earlier reports. Severe immunosuppression at ART initiation and use of NNRTIs increases odds of deficiency. Vitamin D supplementation should be considered in severely immunosuppressed children initiating ART.

Project description:BACKGROUND:Nutritional factors including vitamin D, magnesium, and fat are known to affect bone mineral accrual. This study aimed to evaluate associations between dietary nutrient intakes (both macronutrients and micronutrients) and bone mineral density (BMD) in children and adolescents. METHODS:Data for this cross-sectional, population-based study were derived from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Participants aged from 8 to 19?years were included. The primary outcome was femoral neck BMD. RESULTS:Multivariate analyses revealed that for participants aged 8 to 11, daily sodium intake was significantly and positively associated with femoral neck BMD (B?=?0.9?×? 10-?5, p?=?0.031); in particular, subgroup analyses by sex found that in male participants aged 8-11, daily total cholesterol intake (B?=?5.3?×?10-?5, p?=?0.030) and calcium intake (B?=?-?2.0?×?10-?5, p?<?0.05) were significantly associated with femoral neck BMD in a positive and negative manner, respectively, but neither were observed in female participants of this age group. In contrast, daily intakes of vitamin D and magnesium were significantly and positively associated with femoral neck BMD in female participants aged 8-11 (B?=?246.8?×?10-?5 and 16.3?×?10-?5, p?=?0.017 and 0.033, respectively). For participants aged 16 to 19, daily total fat intake was significantly and negatively associated with femoral neck BMD (B?=?-?58?×?10-?5, p?=?0.048); further stratification by sex found that magnesium and sodium intakes were significantly and positively associated with femoral neck BMD only in females of this age group (B?=?26.9?×?10-?5 and 2.1?×?10-?5, respectively; both p?<?0.05). However, no significant associations between daily nutrient intakes and femoral neck BMD were identified in participants aged 12-15 before or after subgroup stratification. CONCLUSION:The study found that associations of specific nutrition-related variables with BMD of the femoral neck is dependent upon age and gender.

Dataset Information

Vitamin D Nutritional Status and its Related Factors for Chinese Children and Adolescents in 2010-2012.

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Vitamin D Nutritional Status and its Related Factors for Chinese Children and Adolescents in 2010-2012.

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