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Statistical analysis and a case study of tropical cyclones that trigger the onset of the South China Sea summer monsoon.

ABSTRACT: This paper addresses whether a tropical cyclone can trigger the onset of the South China Sea (SCS) summer monsoon (SM). We conducted a statistical analysis of tropical cyclones (TCs) generated over the western North Pacific (WNP) between late-April and May. The results showed that there were cases in which TCs were generated before the onset of the SCSSM, accounting for 43.2% of the TCs generated during this season. This study examined a representative case, Super Typhoon Chanchu (0601), which was determined to be influential in the onset of the SCSSM. With a northwestward track, Chanchu brought strong convection and westerly winds to the SCS on 12 May, which triggered the intrusion of the southwesterly winds from the Bay of Bengal and the eastward retreat of the western Pacific subtropical high. Super Typhoon Chanchu provides an example in which a TC triggered the onset of the SCSSM. The negative correlation between the onset date of the SCSSM and the number of TCs generated over the WNP used to be interpreted as the influence of the monsoon trough on TC genesis. This work provides a supplementary illustration that this relationship also includes the impact of TCs on the onset of the SCSSM.

SUBMITTER: Huangfu J

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5630633 | biostudies-literature | 2017 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Statistical analysis and a case study of tropical cyclones that trigger the onset of the South China Sea summer monsoon.

Huangfu Jingliang J Huang Ronghui R Chen Wen W

Scientific reports 20171006 1

This paper addresses whether a tropical cyclone can trigger the onset of the South China Sea (SCS) summer monsoon (SM). We conducted a statistical analysis of tropical cyclones (TCs) generated over the western North Pacific (WNP) between late-April and May. The results showed that there were cases in which TCs were generated before the onset of the SCSSM, accounting for 43.2% of the TCs generated during this season. This study examined a representative case, Super Typhoon Chanchu (0601), which w ...[more]

PMID: 28986586

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Project description:Based on the biological, nutrients and hydrological data in August 2018, the vertical chlorophyll a (Chl-a) concentration profiles and the relationship among surface Chl-a (Chl-a(0)) concentration, maximum Chl-a (Chl-a(m)) concentration and depth-integrated Chl-a (Chl-a(int)) concentration were studied in the Northern South China Sea (NSCS). The results indicate that there are 4 different patterns in the vertical Chl-a profiles in the NSCS: (i) Chl-a increases with depth from the surface (e.g. station 1); (ii) there exists subsurface chlorophyll maximum (SCM), with low Chl-a on the surface and at the bottom layers respectively (e.g. station 5); (iii) there is no SCM, only with high Chl-a on the surface and in the bottom (e.g. station 14); (iv) the 4th pattern is similar to (ii), with the higher Chl-a(0) (e.g. station 28). The SCM is observed at 95% stations in the NSCS and is not detected only at a few stations near the Pearl River (PR) estuary. These patterns are mainly regulated by alternative limitation of nutrients and light from the surface to the bottom of euphotic layer. For the pattern 1 (e.g. station 1), light is not a limited factor, and Chl-a and nutrients increase with depth. The pattern 2 (e.g. station 5) exists with the limitation of surface nutrients in offshore region. The nutrients increases with depth and the nutrients limitation turns to light limitation gradually from surface to bottom. And the SCM appears in the layer which need of the light and nutrients is roughly equivalent. Compared with that the offshore SCM, the nutrients for the pattern 3 (e.g. station 14) are rich on the surface with nutrients concentration and light irradiance. Therefore, it is seawater intrusion from the bottom that brings the higher nutrients concentration. The reason for the high Chl-a(0) on the pattern 4 (e.g. station 28) is terrestrial matter from the nearshore. High correlation (R2 = 0.5206, p<0.01) between the depth of SCM (Depth(m)) and Chl-a(0) indicates that the SCM depth is regulated by light masking effect of surface phytoplankton, generally with shallow nutriclines and fast light attenuation for high Chl-a(0) and vice versa low Chl-a(0) brings deeper nutriclines and light attenuate slowly with less shading effect. Further research results shows that Chl-a(int) and Chl-a(m) have a good correlation(R2 = 0.6397, p<0.01). However, the correlation between Chl-a(int) and Chl-a(0) is relative weak (R2 = 0.3202, p<0.01). That could be attributed to the availability of nutrients playing an important role in growth of phytoplankton, with high nutrients at upper euphotic layers for the stations with high Chl-a(0).

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Statistical analysis and a case study of tropical cyclones that trigger the onset of the South China Sea summer monsoon.

Publications

Statistical analysis and a case study of tropical cyclones that trigger the onset of the South China Sea summer monsoon.

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