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Evolutionary diversification of protein-protein interactions by interface add-ons.


ABSTRACT: Cells contain a multitude of protein complexes whose subunits interact with high specificity. However, the number of different protein folds and interface geometries found in nature is limited. This raises the question of how protein-protein interaction specificity is achieved on the structural level and how the formation of nonphysiological complexes is avoided. Here, we describe structural elements called interface add-ons that fulfill this function and elucidate their role for the diversification of protein-protein interactions during evolution. We identified interface add-ons in 10% of a representative set of bacterial, heteromeric protein complexes. The importance of interface add-ons for protein-protein interaction specificity is demonstrated by an exemplary experimental characterization of over 30 cognate and hybrid glutamine amidotransferase complexes in combination with comprehensive genetic profiling and protein design. Moreover, growth experiments showed that the lack of interface add-ons can lead to physiologically harmful cross-talk between essential biosynthetic pathways. In sum, our complementary in silico, in vitro, and in vivo analysis argues that interface add-ons are a practical and widespread evolutionary strategy to prevent the formation of nonphysiological complexes by specializing protein-protein interactions.

SUBMITTER: Plach MG 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5635890 | biostudies-literature | 2017 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Evolutionary diversification of protein-protein interactions by interface add-ons.

Plach Maximilian G MG   Semmelmann Florian F   Busch Florian F   Busch Markus M   Heizinger Leonhard L   Wysocki Vicki H VH   Merkl Rainer R   Sterner Reinhard R  

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 20170918 40


Cells contain a multitude of protein complexes whose subunits interact with high specificity. However, the number of different protein folds and interface geometries found in nature is limited. This raises the question of how protein-protein interaction specificity is achieved on the structural level and how the formation of nonphysiological complexes is avoided. Here, we describe structural elements called interface add-ons that fulfill this function and elucidate their role for the diversifica  ...[more]

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