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Functional divergence of chloroplast Cpn60? subunits during Arabidopsis embryo development.

ABSTRACT: Chaperonins are a class of molecular chaperones that assist in the folding and assembly of a wide range of substrates. In plants, chloroplast chaperonins are composed of two different types of subunits, Cpn60? and Cpn60?, and duplication of Cpn60? and Cpn60? genes occurs in a high proportion of plants. However, the importance of multiple Cpn60? and Cpn60? genes in plants is poorly understood. In this study, we found that loss-of-function of CPNA2 (AtCpn60?2), a gene encoding the minor Cpn60? subunit in Arabidopsis thaliana, resulted in arrested embryo development at the globular stage, whereas the other AtCpn60? gene encoding the dominant Cpn60? subunit, CPNA1 (AtCpn60?1), mainly affected embryonic cotyledon development at the torpedo stage and thereafter. Further studies demonstrated that CPNA2 can form a functional chaperonin with CPNB2 (AtCpn60?2) and CPNB3 (AtCpn60?3), while the functional partners of CPNA1 are CPNB1 (AtCpn60?1) and CPNB2. We also revealed that the functional chaperonin containing CPNA2 could assist the folding of a specific substrate, KASI (?-ketoacyl-[acyl carrier protein] synthase I), and that the KASI protein level was remarkably reduced due to loss-of-function of CPNA2. Furthermore, the reduction in the KASI protein level was shown to be the possible cause for the arrest of cpna2 embryos. Our findings indicate that the two Cpn60? subunits in Arabidopsis play different roles during embryo development through forming distinct chaperonins with specific AtCpn60? to assist the folding of particular substrates, thus providing novel insights into functional divergence of Cpn60? subunits in plants.

SUBMITTER: Ke X

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5636168 | biostudies-literature | 2017 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Functional divergence of chloroplast Cpn60α subunits during Arabidopsis embryo development.

Ke Xiaolong X Zou Wenxuan W Ren Yafang Y Wang Zhiqin Z Li Jin J Wu Xuan X Zhao Jie J

PLoS genetics 20170929 9

Chaperonins are a class of molecular chaperones that assist in the folding and assembly of a wide range of substrates. In plants, chloroplast chaperonins are composed of two different types of subunits, Cpn60α and Cpn60β, and duplication of Cpn60α and Cpn60β genes occurs in a high proportion of plants. However, the importance of multiple Cpn60α and Cpn60β genes in plants is poorly understood. In this study, we found that loss-of-function of CPNA2 (AtCpn60α2), a gene encoding the minor Cpn60α sub ...[more]

PMID: 28961247

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Project description:Key messageDevelopmental and transcriptomic analysis of Brachypodium embryogenesis and comparison with Arabidopsis identifies conserved and divergent phases of embryogenesis and reveals widespread heterochrony of developmental gene expression. Embryogenesis, transforming the zygote into the mature embryo, represents a fundamental process for all flowering plants. Current knowledge of cell specification and differentiation during plant embryogenesis is largely based on studies of the dicot model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. However, the major crops are monocots and the transcriptional programs associated with the differentiation processes during embryogenesis in this clade were largely unknown. Here, we combined analysis of cell division patterns with development of a temporal transcriptomic resource during embryogenesis of the monocot model plant Brachypodium distachyon. We found that early divisions of the Brachypodium embryo were highly regular, while later stages were marked by less stereotypic patterns. Comparative transcriptomic analysis between Brachypodium and Arabidopsis revealed that early and late embryogenesis shared a common transcriptional program, whereas mid-embryogenesis was divergent between species. Analysis of orthology groups revealed widespread heterochronic expression of potential developmental regulators between the species. Interestingly, Brachypodium genes tend to be expressed at earlier stages than Arabidopsis counterparts, which suggests that embryo patterning may occur early during Brachypodium embryogenesis. Detailed investigation of auxin-related genes shows that the capacity to synthesize, transport and respond to auxin is established early in the embryo. However, while early PIN1 polarity could be confirmed, it is unclear if an active response is mounted. This study presents a resource for studying Brachypodium and grass embryogenesis and shows that divergent angiosperms share a conserved genetic program that is marked by heterochronic gene expression.

Dataset Information

Functional divergence of chloroplast Cpn60? subunits during Arabidopsis embryo development.

Publications

Functional divergence of chloroplast Cpn60α subunits during Arabidopsis embryo development.

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