Dataset Information

High-Fat Diet Changes Fungal Microbiomes and Interkingdom Relationships in the Murine Gut.

ABSTRACT: Dietary fat intake and shifts in gut bacterial community composition are associated with the development of obesity. To date, characterization of microbiota in lean versus obese subjects has been dominated by studies of gut bacteria. Fungi, recently shown to affect gut inflammation, have received little study for their role in obesity. We sought to determine the effects of high-fat diet on fungal and bacterial community structures in a mouse model using the internal transcribed spacer region 2 (ITS2) of fungal ribosomal DNA (rDNA) and the 16S rRNA genes of bacteria. Mice fed a high-fat diet had significantly different abundances of 19 bacterial and 6 fungal taxa than did mice fed standard chow, with high-fat diet causing similar magnitudes of change in overall fungal and bacterial microbiome structures. We observed strong and complex diet-specific coabundance relationships between intra- and interkingdom microbial pairs and dramatic reductions in the number of coabundance correlations in mice fed a high-fat diet compared to those fed standard chow. Furthermore, predicted microbiome functional modules related to metabolism were significantly less abundant in high-fat-diet-fed than in standard-chow-fed mice. These results suggest a role for fungi and interkingdom interactions in the association between gut microbiomes and obesity. IMPORTANCE Recent research shows that gut microbes are involved in the development of obesity, a growing health problem in developed countries that is linked to increased risk for cardiovascular disease. However, studies showing links between microbes and metabolism have been limited to the analysis of bacteria and have ignored the potential contribution of fungi in metabolic health. This study provides evidence that ingestion of a high-fat diet is associated with changes to the fungal (and bacterial) microbiome in a mouse model. In addition, we find that interkingdom structural and functional relationships exist between fungi and bacteria within the gut and that these are perturbed by high-fat diet.

SUBMITTER: Heisel T

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5636226 | biostudies-literature | 2017 Sep-Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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High-Fat Diet Changes Fungal Microbiomes and Interkingdom Relationships in the Murine Gut.

Heisel Timothy T Montassier Emmanuel E Johnson Abigail A Al-Ghalith Gabriel G Lin Yi-Wei YW Wei Li-Na LN Knights Dan D Gale Cheryl A CA

mSphere 20170901 5

Dietary fat intake and shifts in gut bacterial community composition are associated with the development of obesity. To date, characterization of microbiota in lean versus obese subjects has been dominated by studies of gut bacteria. Fungi, recently shown to affect gut inflammation, have received little study for their role in obesity. We sought to determine the effects of high-fat diet on fungal and bacterial community structures in a mouse model using the internal transcribed spacer region 2 ( ...[more]

PMID: 29034327

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Project description:Aim: The objective of this study was to characterize the early effects of high fructose diets (with and without high fat) on both the composition of the gut microbiota and lipid metabolism in Syrian hamsters, a reproducible preclinical model of diet-induced dyslipidemia. Methods: Eight-week-old male hamsters were fed diets consisting of high-fat/high-fructose, low-fat/high-fructose or a standard chow diet for 14 days. Stool was collected at baseline (day 0), day 7 and day 14. Fasting levels of plasma triglycerides and cholesterol were monitored on day 0, day 7 and day 14, and nonfasting levels were also assayed on day 15. Then, 16S rRNA sequencing of stool samples was used to determine gut microbial composition, and predictive metagenomics was performed to evaluate dietary-induced shifts in deduced microbial functions. Results: Both high-fructose diets resulted in divergent gut microbiota composition. A high-fat/high-fructose diet induced the largest shift in overall gut microbial composition, with dramatic shifts in the Firmicute/Bacteroidetes ratio, and changes in beta diversity after just seven days of dietary intervention. Significant associations between genus level taxa and dietary intervention were identified, including an association with Ruminococceace NK4A214 group in high-fat/high-fructose fed animals and an association with Butryimonas with the low-fat/high-fructose diet. High-fat/high-fructose feeding induced dyslipidemia with increases in plasma triglycerides and cholesterol, and hepatomegaly. Dietary-induced changes in several genus level taxa significantly correlated with lipid levels over the two-week period. Differences in microbial metabolic pathways between high-fat/high-fructose and low-fat/high-fructose diet fed hamsters were identified, and several of these pathways also correlated with lipid profiles in hamsters. Conclusions: The high-fat/high-fructose diet caused shifts in the host gut microbiota. These dietary-induced alterations in gut microbial composition were linked to changes in the production of secondary metabolites, which contributed to the development of metabolic syndrome in the host.

Project description:Fat is one of the most important nutrients which provides concentrated energy and essential fatty acids. High fat diet markedly changes the gut microbial composition in mammals, whereas little is known about the impact of fat type on gut microbiome. This study was to evaluate the effects of fat sources on intestinal microbiota of nursery pigs. Eighteen pigs (28 days of age, 8.13 ± 0.10 kg BW) were housed individually (n = 6 per treatment) and allotted to three treatments based on a randomized complete block design. Pigs were fed basal diets with three different fat sources: 6.0% soybean oil (SBO), 6.0% palm oil (PO), and 7.5% encapsulated palm oil (EPO, contains 80% palm oil) respectively. Pigs were euthanized after 28 days of ad libitum feeding, and the digesta in the distal duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum and colon of each pig were obtained for microbial composition analysis. Correlation analyses were also performed between microbial composition with nutrients digestibility or growth performance. The results showed that pigs fed PO had marked changes in the bacteria community composition with increasing the richness and diversity in duodenum and jejunum (P < 0.05). Increased abundances of Proteobacteria in duodenum, jejunum and cecum, and decreased abundance of Firmicutes in jejunum were observed in pigs fed PO compared to SBO and EPO. Pigs fed EPO decreased abundances of Proteobacteria in duodenum and jejunum, and increased abundance of Firmicutes compared to pigs fed PO, and was similar to pigs fed SBO. The microbial changes (genus) had significant negative correlation with the fat digestibility. These results indicate that palm oil supplementation in nursery pig diet alters the gut microbial composition, with the most significant changes observed in small intestine. Encapsulation of palm oil, which helps increase the digestibility of palm oil, have beneficial effect on the microbial disturbance caused by palm oil supplementation. Our findings provide a better understanding of how different fat types influence microbial composition in different parts of the intestinal tract and the correlation between bacteria composition and nutrients digestibility, which may provide a new perspective for the rational application of fat in diet.

Dataset Information

High-Fat Diet Changes Fungal Microbiomes and Interkingdom Relationships in the Murine Gut.

Publications

High-Fat Diet Changes Fungal Microbiomes and Interkingdom Relationships in the Murine Gut.

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