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Hypertension impairs neurovascular coupling and promotes microvascular injury: role in exacerbation of Alzheimer's disease.


ABSTRACT: Hypertension in the elderly substantially increases both the risk of vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD); however, the underlying mechanisms are not completely understood. This review discusses the effects of hypertension on structural and functional integrity of cerebral microcirculation, including hypertension-induced alterations in neurovascular coupling responses, cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in microvascular damage (capillary rarefaction, blood-brain barrier disruption), and the genesis of cerebral microhemorrhages and their potential role in exacerbation of cognitive decline associated with AD. Understanding and targeting the hypertension-induced cerebromicrovascular alterations that are involved in the onset and progression of AD and contribute to cognitive impairment are expected to have a major role in preserving brain health in high-risk older individuals.

SUBMITTER: Csiszar A 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5636770 | biostudies-literature | 2017 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Hypertension impairs neurovascular coupling and promotes microvascular injury: role in exacerbation of Alzheimer's disease.

Csiszar Anna A   Tarantini Stefano S   Fülöp Gábor A GA   Kiss Tamas T   Valcarcel-Ares M Noa MN   Galvan Veronica V   Ungvari Zoltan Z   Yabluchanskiy Andriy A  

GeroScience 20170829 4


Hypertension in the elderly substantially increases both the risk of vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD); however, the underlying mechanisms are not completely understood. This review discusses the effects of hypertension on structural and functional integrity of cerebral microcirculation, including hypertension-induced alterations in neurovascular coupling responses, cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in microvascular damage (capillary rarefaction, blood-bra  ...[more]

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