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AB132. The role of oxytocin-neurophysin I in contributing to human personality traits and plasma immunogenic oxytocin levels

ABSTRACT: Background Oxytocin plays a salient role that oxytocin plays in contributing to the high levels of human sociality that characterize our species. Curiously, the OXT-Neurophysin I gene has been little studied despite the fact this is the structural gene for the oxytocin nonapeptide. Methods In a large group of National University of Singapore (NUS) Han Chinese undergraduate students we examined four SNPs in the OXT-neurophysin I region. For approximately 1,000 of these students, we also had data on immunogenic plasma oxytocin levels. The students were investigated for several phenotypes relevant to social cognition, including empathy and spirituality. Results Neurophysin I rs3761248 is associated with spirituality, emotional quotient (EQ) and neuroticism. For both spirituality and EQ, there were interactions with gender and the A allele was associated with lower scores for females but with no effect on males, in tune with female-specific findings for autistic-like traits and moderation of the neuro activation of dopaminergic system in the brain. For the personality traits, significant associations were found when POIP was included as a covariate. Both rs3761248 females and males with A alleles scored higher on the met neuroticism measure and lower in agreeableness and conscientiousness. These results suggest that the A allele of rs3761248 is associated with traits that lead that resonate with stress and adverse health, such as high neuroticism, low conscientiousness and agreeableness, as well as low spirituality and low EQ. Conclusions This is the first study showing an association between neurophysin I and human personality traits related to autism.

SUBMITTER: Chong A

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5641726 | biostudies-literature | 2017 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:IntroductionOxytocin is a key hormone in breastfeeding. No recent review on plasma levels of oxytocin in response to breastfeeding is available.Materials and methodsSystematic literature searches on breastfeeding induced oxytocin levels were conducted 2017 and 2019 in PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, and PsycINFO. Data on oxytocin linked effects and effects of medical interventions were included if available.ResultsWe found 29 articles that met the inclusion criteria. All studies had an exploratory design and included 601 women. Data were extracted from the articles and summarised in tables. Breastfeeding induced an immediate and short lasting (20 minutes) release of oxytocin. The release was pulsatile early postpartum (5 pulses/10 minutes) and coalesced into a more protracted rise as lactation proceeded. Oxytocin levels were higher in multiparous versus primiparous women. The number of oxytocin pulses during early breastfeeding was associated with greater milk yield and longer duration of lactation and was reduced by stress. Breastfeeding-induced oxytocin release was associated with elevated prolactin levels; lowered ACTH and cortisol (stress hormones) and somatostatin (a gastrointestinal hormone) levels; enhanced sociability; and reduced anxiety, suggesting that oxytocin induces physiological and psychological adaptations in the mother. Mechanical breast pumping, but not bottle-feeding was associated with oxytocin and prolactin release and decreased stress levels. Emergency caesarean section reduced oxytocin and prolactin release in response to breastfeeding and also maternal mental adaptations. Epidural analgesia reduced prolactin and mental adaptation, whereas infusions of synthetic oxytocin increased prolactin and mental adaptation. Oxytocin infusion also restored negative effects induced by caesarean section and epidural analgesia.ConclusionsOxytocin is released in response to breastfeeding to cause milk ejection, and to induce physiological changes to promote milk production and psychological adaptations to facilitate motherhood. Stress and medical interventions during birth may influence these effects and thereby adversely affect the initiation of breastfeeding.

Project description:Self-control is important for mental and physical health, and personality traits are vital antecedents for self-control. Previous studies suggest that conscientiousness and extraversion enhance self-control, whereas neuroticism hampers it. However, the link between personality and self-control has mostly been studied using a narrow conceptualization of self-control, as the ability to resist impulses, thus excluding initiatory self-control. Also, no studies have examined whether and how personality traits interact with one another to increase, or reduce, self-control. Data were collected on two occasions from 480 military cadets (31.04% female) to examine the relationship between the Big Five personality traits and self-control (general, inhibitory, and initiatory self-control). Furthermore, the study investigated the moderating role of neuroticism, as a trait and as individual facets, on the relationship between the other personality traits and self-control. Although neuroticism correlated negatively with all self-control dimensions, there were unique relations only with general and inhibitory self-control. Extraversion correlated positively with all self-control dimensions but was only uniquely related to initiatory self-control. Conscientiousness correlated positively with all self-control dimensions and this pattern persisted when we assessed the unique effects. Openness to experience and agreeableness correlated positively with general and inhibitory self-control but had no unique effects on any of the self-control dimensions. Neuroticism negatively moderated the relationship between extraversion and both general and inhibitory self-control, and the relationship between conscientiousness and both general and initiatory self-control. The facet-level analysis confirmed the general patterns and provided further detail on which facets of neuroticism were the most influential as moderators. In conclusion, the study highlights the critical role of different types of self-control, and that neuroticism plays a cardinal role for the effects of conscientiousness and extraversion on self-control.

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AB132. The role of oxytocin-neurophysin I in contributing to human personality traits and plasma immunogenic oxytocin levels

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