Dataset Information

Hormone Signaling Regulates Nymphal Diapause in Laodelphax striatellus (Hemiptera: Delphacidae).

ABSTRACT: Diapause is a physiological adaptation that allows an organism to survive adverse environmental conditions. Diapause occurs at a specific developmental stage in each species. There are few reports regarding the molecular regulatory mechanism of nymphal diapause in Laodelphax striatellus, which is an important graminaceous crop pest. Our previous studies identified the conditions for nymphal diapause in this species. Here, we combined RNA sequencing transcriptomics and quantitative proteomic analyses to identify nymphal diapause-related genes and proteins. The analysis of differentially regulated genes identified four gene/protein pairs that were synchronously up-regulated, and six gene/protein pairs that were synchronously down-regulated, suggesting that these genes may regulate nymphal diapause. The up-regulated gene juvenile hormone acid methyl transferase (JHAMT) and the down-regulated gene cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (CYP314A1, Shd) were chosen for further functional studies. After knocking-down of LsJHAMT and LsShd in vivo by RNA interference, the titer of JH III and 20E decreased significantly, and the duration of the nymphal development period was severely altered. Thus LsJHAMT and LsShd regulated JH III and 20E titers in the hemolymph to control the nymphal diapause status. This study may lead to new information on the regulation nymphal diapause of this important agricultural insect pest.

SUBMITTER: Zhai Y

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5645394 | biostudies-literature | 2017 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Hormone Signaling Regulates Nymphal Diapause in Laodelphax striatellus (Hemiptera: Delphacidae).

Zhai Yifan Y Zhang Zhiming Z Gao Huanhuan H Chen Hao H Sun Meng M Zhang Wenqing W Yu Yi Y Zheng Li L

Scientific reports 20171017 1

Diapause is a physiological adaptation that allows an organism to survive adverse environmental conditions. Diapause occurs at a specific developmental stage in each species. There are few reports regarding the molecular regulatory mechanism of nymphal diapause in Laodelphax striatellus, which is an important graminaceous crop pest. Our previous studies identified the conditions for nymphal diapause in this species. Here, we combined RNA sequencing transcriptomics and quantitative proteomic anal ...[more]

PMID: 29042683

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Project description:BackgroundThe small brown planthopper (SBPH), Laodelphax striatellus (Fallén), is one of the major rice pests in Asia and has developed resistance to multiple classes of insecticides. Understanding resistance mechanisms is essential to the management of this pest. Biochemical and molecular assays were performed in this study to systematically characterize deltamethrin resistance mechanisms with laboratory-selected resistant and susceptible strains of SBPH.Methodology/principal findingsDeltamethrin resistant strains of SBPH (JH-del) were derived from a field population by continuously selections (up to 30 generations) in the laboratory, while a susceptible strain (JHS) was obtained from the same population by removing insecticide pressure for 30 generations. The role of detoxification enzymes in the resistance was investigated using synergism and enzyme activity assays with strains of different resistant levels. Furthermore, 71 cytochrome P450, 93 esterases and 12 glutathione-S-transferases cDNAs were cloned based on transcriptome data of a field collected population. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR screening analysis of 176 identified detoxification genes demonstrated that multiple P450 and esterase genes were overexpressed (>2-fold) in JH-del strains (G4 and G30) when compared to that in JHS, and the results of quantitative PCR coincided with the semi-quantitative RT-PCR results. Target mutation at IIS3-IIS6 regions encoded by the voltage-gated sodium channel gene was ruled out for conferring the observed resistance.Conclusion/significanceAs the first attempt to discover genes potentially involved in SBPH pyrethroid resistance, this study putatively identified several candidate genes of detoxification enzymes that were significantly overexpressed in the resistant strain, which matched the synergism and enzyme activity testing. The biochemical and molecular evidences suggest that the high level pyrethroid resistance in L. striatellus could be due to enhanced detoxification rather than target insensitivity. The findings lay a solid ground for further resistance mechanism elucidation studies.

Project description:The small brown planthopper Laodelphax striatellus (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) is reported to have the endosymbiont Wolbachia, which shows a strong cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI) between infected males and uninfected females. In the 2000s, female-biased L. striatellus populations were found in Taiwan, and this sex ratio distortion was the result of male-killing induced by the infection of another endosymbiont, Spiroplasma. Spiroplasma infection is considered to negatively affect both L. striatellus and Wolbachia because the male-killing halves the offspring of L. striatellus and hinders the spread of Wolbachia infection via CI. Spiroplasma could have traits that increase the fitness of infected L. striatellus and/or coexisting organisms because the coinfection rates of Wolbachia and Spiroplasma were rather high in some areas. In this study, we investigated the influences of the infection of these two endosymbionts on the development, reproduction, and insecticide resistance of L. striatellus in the laboratory. Our results show that the single-infection state of Spiroplasma had a negative influence on the fertility of L. striatellus, while the double-infection state had no significant influence. At late nymphal and adult stages, the abundance of Spiroplasma was lower in the double-infection state than in the single-infection state. In the double-infection state, the reduction of Spiroplasma density may be caused by competition between the two endosymbionts, and the negative influence of Spiroplasma on the fertility of host may be relieved. The resistance of L. striatellus to four insecticides was compared among different infection states of endosymbionts, but Spiroplasma infection did not contribute to increase insecticide resistance. Because positive influences of Spiroplasma infection were not found in terms of the development, reproduction, and insecticide resistance of L. striatellus, other factors improving the fitness of Spiroplasma-infected L. striatellus may be related to the high frequency of double infection in some L. striatellus populations.

Dataset Information

Hormone Signaling Regulates Nymphal Diapause in Laodelphax striatellus (Hemiptera: Delphacidae).

Publications

Hormone Signaling Regulates Nymphal Diapause in Laodelphax striatellus (Hemiptera: Delphacidae).

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