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HIV-1 viral protein R (Vpr) induces fatty liver in mice via LXR? and PPAR? dysregulation: implications for HIV-specific pathogenesis of NAFLD.

ABSTRACT: HIV patients develop hepatic steatosis. We investigated hepatic steatosis in transgenic mice expressing the HIV-1 accessory protein Vpr (Vpr-Tg) in liver and adipose tissues, and WT mice infused with synthetic Vpr. Vpr-Tg mice developed increased liver triglyceride content and elevated ALT, bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase due to three hepatic defects: 1.6-fold accelerated de novo lipogenesis (DNL), 45% slower fatty acid ß-oxidation, and 40% decreased VLDL-triglyceride export. Accelerated hepatic DNL was due to coactivation by Vpr of liver X receptor-? (LXR?) with increased expression of its lipogenic targets Srebp1c, Chrebp, Lpk, Dgat, Fasn and Scd1, and intranuclear SREBP1c and ChREBP. Vpr enhanced association of LXR? with Lxr? and Srebp1c promoters, increased LXRE-LXR? binding, and broadly altered hepatic expression of LXR?-regulated lipid metabolic genes. Diminished hepatic fatty acid ß-oxidation was associated with decreased mRNA expression of Ppar? and its targets Cpt1, Aox, Lcad, Ehhadh, Hsd10 and Acaa2, and blunted VLDL export with decreased expression of Mttp and its product microsomal triglyceride transfer protein. With our previous findings that Vpr circulates in HIV patients (including those with undetectable plasma HIV-1 RNA), co-regulates the glucocorticoid receptor and PPAR? and transduces hepatocytes, these data indicate a potential role for Vpr in HIV-associated fatty liver disease.

SUBMITTER: Agarwal N

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5645472 | biostudies-literature | 2017 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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HIV-1 viral protein R (Vpr) induces fatty liver in mice via LXRα and PPARα dysregulation: implications for HIV-specific pathogenesis of NAFLD.

Agarwal Neeti N Iyer Dinakar D Gabbi Chiara C Saha Pradip P Patel Sanjeet G SG Mo Qianxing Q Chang Benny B Goswami Biman B Schubert Ulrich U Kopp Jeffrey B JB Lewis Dorothy E DE Balasubramanyam Ashok A

Scientific reports 20171017 1

HIV patients develop hepatic steatosis. We investigated hepatic steatosis in transgenic mice expressing the HIV-1 accessory protein Vpr (Vpr-Tg) in liver and adipose tissues, and WT mice infused with synthetic Vpr. Vpr-Tg mice developed increased liver triglyceride content and elevated ALT, bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase due to three hepatic defects: 1.6-fold accelerated de novo lipogenesis (DNL), 45% slower fatty acid ß-oxidation, and 40% decreased VLDL-triglyceride export. Accelerated hepa ...[more]

PMID: 29042644

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Project description:The interactions between a virus and its host are complex but can be broadly categorized as either viral manipulation of cellular functions or cellular responses to infection. These processes begin at the earliest point of contact between virus and cell and frequently result in changes to cellular gene expression, making genome-wide transcriptomics a useful tool to study them. Several previous studies have used transcriptomics to evaluate the cellular responses to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection; however, none have examined events in primary CD4+ T cells during the first 24 h of infection. Here, we analyzed CD4+ T cells at 4.5, 8, 12, 24, and 48 h following infection. We describe global changes to host gene expression commencing at 4.5 h postinfection and evolving over the ensuing time points. We identify upregulation of genes related to innate immunity, cytokine production, and apoptosis and downregulation of those involved in transcription and translation. We further demonstrate that the viral accessory protein Vpr is necessary for almost all gene expression changes seen at 12 h postinfection and the majority of those seen at 48 h. Identifying this new role for Vpr not only provides fresh perspective on its possible function but also adds further insight into the interplay between HIV-1 and its host at the cellular level. IMPORTANCE HIV-1, while now treatable, remains an important human pathogen causing significant morbidity and mortality globally. The virus predominantly infects CD4+ T cells and, if not treated with medication, ultimately causes their depletion, resulting in AIDS and death. Further refining our understanding of the interaction between HIV-1 and these cells has the potential to inform further therapeutic development. Previous studies have used transcriptomics to assess gene expression changes in CD4+ T cells following HIV-1 infection; here, we provide a detailed examination of changes occurring in the first 24 h of infection. Importantly, we define the viral protein Vpr as essential for the changes observed at this early stage. This finding has significance for understanding the role of Vpr in infection and pathogenesis and also for interpreting previous transcriptomic analyses of HIV-1 infection.

Dataset Information

HIV-1 viral protein R (Vpr) induces fatty liver in mice via LXR? and PPAR? dysregulation: implications for HIV-specific pathogenesis of NAFLD.

Publications

HIV-1 viral protein R (Vpr) induces fatty liver in mice via LXRα and PPARα dysregulation: implications for HIV-specific pathogenesis of NAFLD.

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