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Associations between Lifestyle Factors and Parkinson's Disease in an Urban Sri Lankan Clinic Study.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND:Associations between certain environmental and lifestyle factors and Parkinson's disease (PD) have been reported in several studies, but information on these factors and Parkinson's Disease (PD) in South Asia, is limited. OBJECTIVE:To determine associations between lifestyle factors and PD in an urban clinic-based study in Sri Lanka. METHODS:In this case-control study, demographic and lifestyle factor data (including diet, coffee/tea drinking, smoking, alcohol status) was collected from an unselected cohort of PD patients and age and gender-matched controls attending clinics in Greater Colombo, Sri Lanka. Associations between lifestyle factors and PD status were assessed using Logistic Regression analysis, while links with age of PD onset were explored with Kaplan Meier and Cox Regression survival analyses. Results with p<0.05 were considered to be statistically significant. FINDINGS:Of 229 patients with parkinsonism, 144 had Idiopathic PD using standard diagnostic criteria. Controls numbered 102. Coffee drinkers and smokers were significantly less likely to have PD (coffee, p<0.001; Odds Ratio (OR)=0.264; smoking, p=0.043; OR=0.394). Coffee drinkers were older at PD onset (p<0.001). Similar trends seen with tea drinking were not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS:This is the first formal study of PD and these lifestyle factors in South Asia. It demonstrates an inverse association between coffee drinking, smoking and PD, and an association between coffee drinking and later age of PD onset. This is in line with other studies done worldwide, suggesting biological associations with global relevance.

SUBMITTER: Wijeyekoon R

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5646647 | biostudies-literature | 2017 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Associations between Lifestyle Factors and Parkinson's Disease in an Urban Sri Lankan Clinic Study.

Wijeyekoon Ruwani R Suriyakumara Vindika V Gamage Ranjanie R Fernando Tharushi T Jayasuriya Amila A Amarasinghe Dhanusha D Gunasekara Harsha H Sirisena Dharshana D Amaratunga Dhammika D Muthukuda Chanaka C Barker Roger A RA Williams-Gray Caroline C De Silva Ranil R

International archives of medicine 20170901

<h4>Background</h4>Associations between certain environmental and lifestyle factors and Parkinson's disease (PD) have been reported in several studies, but information on these factors and Parkinson's Disease (PD) in South Asia, is limited.<h4>Objective</h4>To determine associations between lifestyle factors and PD in an urban clinic-based study in Sri Lanka.<h4>Methods</h4>In this case-control study, demographic and lifestyle factor data (including diet, coffee/tea drinking, smoking, alcohol st ...[more]

PMID: 29057010

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Project description:Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a major world health problem with over 400,000 new cases diagnosed annually. Despite advances in surgery and chemo-radiotherapy, the 5 year survival has remained roughly constant at approximately 50% for several decades. The disease is characterized by both clinical and genetic heterogeneity, so elucidating the molecular basis of this heterogeneity would have significant clinical implications. It is well recognized that OSCCs from Asia that are associated with betel quid chewing are phenotypically distinct from those from the West that are predominantly caused by smoking/drinking, but the genetic basis of these differences are largely unknown. The aim of this study is to examine the most related genetic factors, carcinogenic related pathways, and molecular processes that might be responsible for the phenotypic heterogeneity of OSCC between UK and Sri Lankan population groups. Methods: We have compared the gene expression profiles of OSCCs and normal oral mucosal tissues from both Sri Lankan and UK individuals using Affymetrix gene expression arrays. Results: The gene expression profiles of UK and Sri Lankan OSCC are similar in many respects to other oral cancer expression profiles reported in the literature and were mainly similar to each other. However, genes involved in tumor invasion, metastasis and recurrence were more obviously associated with UK tumors as opposed to those from Sri Lanka. Interestingly, Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) revealed a highly activated cell-mediated immune response in both Sri Lankan normal and tumor samples relative to UK cohorts, which may, in part, explain the less aggressive behavior of these betel quid-induced OSCCs. Conclusion: The development of OSCCs in both UK and Sri Lankan populations appears largely mediated by similar biological pathways despite the differences related to race, ethnicity, lifestyle, and/or exposure to environmental carcinogens. However, IPA revealed a highly activated M-bM-^@M-^\Cell-mediated Immune ResponseM-bM-^@M-^] in Sri Lankan normal and tumor samples relative to UK cohorts. It seems likely, therefore, that any future attempts to personalize treatment for OSCC patients will need to be different in Western and Asian countries to reflect differences in gene expression and the immune status of the patients. All biopsy specimens of OSCC and normal oral mucosa were harvested with appropriate ethical approval and informed consent of individual patients (LREC 0769). Identical protocols for tissue collection and processing were used in both countries. OSCC samples were obtained from sequential incident cases treated by a single consultant surgeon from 2001 to 2004 at University Hospital of Birmingham, NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK, and Kandy General Hospital, Kandy, Sri Lanka. A total of 21 UK and 27 Sri Lankan samples yielded RNA of sufficient quality and quantity for microarray analysis. In addition, 8 normal oral mucosa specimens (five samples from UK & three samples from Sri Lankan population) were also profiled. All normal samples were from non-smokers, who did not chew betel quid and did not consume in excess of the national recommended weekly gender allowance of alcohol. Normal samples were taken from individuals with no history of cancer and had no first degree relatives with a history of cancer.

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Associations between Lifestyle Factors and Parkinson's Disease in an Urban Sri Lankan Clinic Study.

Publications

Associations between Lifestyle Factors and Parkinson's Disease in an Urban Sri Lankan Clinic Study.

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