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Echinochloa crus-galli genome analysis provides insight into its adaptation and invasiveness as a weed.

ABSTRACT: Barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli) is a pernicious weed in agricultural fields worldwide. The molecular mechanisms underlying its success in the absence of human intervention are presently unknown. Here we report a draft genome sequence of the hexaploid species E. crus-galli, i.e., a 1.27?Gb assembly representing 90.7% of the predicted genome size. An extremely large repertoire of genes encoding cytochrome P450 monooxygenases and glutathione S-transferases associated with detoxification are found. Two gene clusters involved in the biosynthesis of an allelochemical 2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one (DIMBOA) and a phytoalexin momilactone A are found in the E. crus-galli genome, respectively. The allelochemical DIMBOA gene cluster is activated in response to co-cultivation with rice, while the phytoalexin momilactone A gene cluster specifically to infection by pathogenic Pyricularia oryzae. Our results provide a new understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the extreme adaptation of the weed.

SUBMITTER: Guo L

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5647321 | biostudies-literature | 2017 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Echinochloa crus-galli genome analysis provides insight into its adaptation and invasiveness as a weed.

Guo Longbiao L Qiu Jie J Ye Chuyu C Jin Gulei G Mao Lingfeng L Zhang Haiqiang H Yang Xuefang X Peng Qiong Q Wang Yingying Y Jia Lei L Lin Zhangxiang Z Li Gengmi G Fu Fei F Liu Chen C Chen Li L Shen Enhui E Wang Weidi W Chu Qinjie Q Wu Dongya D Wu Sanling S Xia Chenyang C Zhang Yongfei Y Zhou Xiaomao X Wang Lifeng L Wu Lamei L Song Weijie W Wang Yunfei Y Shu Qingyao Q Aoki Daisuke D Yumoto Emi E Yokota Takao T Miyamoto Koji K Okada Kazunori K Kim Do-Soon DS Cai Daguang D Zhang Chulong C Lou Yonggen Y Qian Qian Q Yamaguchi Hirofumi H Yamane Hisakazu H Kong Chui-Hua CH Timko Michael P MP Bai Lianyang L Fan Longjiang L

Nature communications 20171018 1

Barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli) is a pernicious weed in agricultural fields worldwide. The molecular mechanisms underlying its success in the absence of human intervention are presently unknown. Here we report a draft genome sequence of the hexaploid species E. crus-galli, i.e., a 1.27 Gb assembly representing 90.7% of the predicted genome size. An extremely large repertoire of genes encoding cytochrome P450 monooxygenases and glutathione S-transferases associated with detoxification are ...[more]

PMID: 29044108

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Project description:Penoxsulam is an acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibiting herbicide usually applied by post-emergence foliar spraying (PFS) for the control of Echinochloa crus-galli and numerous annual weeds in paddy fields. Herbicides applied by foliar spraying can have negative impacts on the environment, ecosystems, and human health. In this study, the response of E. crus-galli and rice to the PFS and post-emergence water-dispersal (PWD) applications of penoxsulam, and the differences in the detoxification displayed by them between the two treatment methods were compared. The results showed that the PWD application of penoxsulam provides a similar control efficacy against E. crus-galli as PFS at the 1-, 3-, and 5-leaf stages. Meanwhile, the PWD application had a higher safety for the rice. After being treated with 30 g a.i. ha-1 penoxsulam, residues were not detected in the rice treated by the PWD application method, whereas, with the PFS treatment, there was 59.0 µg/kg penoxsulam remaining. With the PFS application, there were many more residues of penoxsulam in the E. crus-galli than with the PWD method; the amount of residues was 32-fold higher 12 h after treatment. The in vitro enzyme activity assays revealed that the activities of ALS, glutathione-S-transferase (GST), and cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450) were increased in the PWD treatments, and were 1.5-, 1.3-, and 2.3-fold higher than with PFS 72 h after treatment. The real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) revealed that the GST1 and P450 genes, CYP81A14, CYP81A12, CYP81A18, and CYP81A21 were upregulated with the PWD application versus PFS in the E. crus-galli. In summary, these results demonstrate that the herbicidal activity was not affected by the upregulation of target and metabolic enzyme activities with the PWD application of penoxsulam. This research could contribute to application strategies reducing the risk of rice injury and environmental impacts by using water-dispersal formulations of penoxsulam.

Dataset Information

Echinochloa crus-galli genome analysis provides insight into its adaptation and invasiveness as a weed.

Publications

Echinochloa crus-galli genome analysis provides insight into its adaptation and invasiveness as a weed.

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