Dataset Information

The association between adverse childhood experiences and traumatic brain injury/concussion in adulthood: A scoping review protocol.

ABSTRACT:

Introduction

Exposure to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) is a significant risk factor for physical and mental illnesses later in life. Concussion or traumatic brain injury is a challenging condition where preinjury factors may interact to affect recovery. The association between ACEs and traumatic brain injury/concussion is not well mapped in any previous reviews of the literature. Using a scoping review methodology, the research question that will be addressed is: what is known from the existing literature about the association between ACEs and traumatic brain injury/concussion in adults?

Methods and analysis

The methodological frameworks outlined by Arksey and O'Malley and Levac et al will be used. All original studies in English published since 2007 investigating ACEs and traumatic brain injury/concussion outcomes will be included with no limitations on study type. Literature search strategies will be developed using medical subject headings and text words related to ACEs and traumatic brain injury/concussions. Multiple electronic databases will be searched. Two independent reviewers will screen titles and abstracts for full-text review and full texts for final inclusion. Two independent reviewers will extract data on study characteristics for ACE exposure and traumatic brain injury/concussion outcomes. Extracted data will be summarised quantitatively using numerical counts and qualitatively using thematic analysis.

Dissemination

This review will identify knowledge gaps on the associations between ACEs and traumatic brain injury/concussion and promote further research. Knowledge translation will occur throughout the review process with dissemination of project findings to stakeholders at the local, national and international levels.

SUBMITTER: Ma Z

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5652488 | biostudies-literature | 2017 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

The association between adverse childhood experiences and traumatic brain injury/concussion in adulthood: A scoping review protocol.

Ma Zechen Z Bayley Mark T MT Perrier Laure L Dhir Priya P Dépatie Lana L Comper Paul P Ruttan Lesley L Munce Sarah Ep SE

BMJ open 20171011 10

<h4>Introduction</h4>Exposure to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) is a significant risk factor for physical and mental illnesses later in life. Concussion or traumatic brain injury is a challenging condition where preinjury factors may interact to affect recovery. The association between ACEs and traumatic brain injury/concussion is not well mapped in any previous reviews of the literature. Using a scoping review methodology, the research question that will be addressed is: what is known fro ...[more]

PMID: 29025849

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Project description:BACKGROUND:The American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine (ACRM) in 2010 called for more head injury research on gender disparities to bridge the gender gap for the short-and long-term effects of TBI, including sexual and reproductive outcomes. In this paper, we review the state of the literature before and after the ACRM announcement, and evaluate how research teams have considered females and mildly injured TBI(mTBI)/concussion groups in post-TBI-related changes in sexual functioning. METHODS:The research question for this scoping review was "what is the state of the literature in the evaluation of post-TBI sexual changes for women, and individuals with mTBI?" Using the 2010 ACRM call for action as a line of demarcation, we compared our findings before and after the 2010 announcement. RESULTS:We identified 9 research studies that addressed sexual functioning changes in females and mTBI/concussion groups. Four of the nine were published before the 2010 ACRM announcement, and five were published after. The representation of female research participants increased steadily over the 28-year timespan. The proportion of individuals with mTBI included in the post-2010 era was higher than the earlier time period. Consistently, women with mTBI reported more adverse sexual outcomes compared to male cohorts, orthopaedic, and non-injured comparison groups. This observation persisted regardless of recruitment site (rehabilitation center/Emergency Department (ED)/Community) or time of outcome assessment (acute versus chronic). The findings also remained despite the heterogeneity of survey questionnaires used to evaluate sexual functioning outcomes. Excluding the most recent 2019 study, none of the research groups compared the findings by TBI severity, making it difficult to fully understand how concussion-related sexual changes compare to more severe forms of the head injury. The long term impacts of the sexual changes, such as infertility and relationship discord were also absent across all studies; even though most evaluated outcomes chronically (some as far out as 20?years post injury). CONCLUSION:The number of publications in the era before the ACRM call for action and afterwards were almost identical. In order to tailor interventions for the appropriate groups of TBI patients, more neurosexuality research is needed to increase awareness of the importance of sexuality as a health outcome for individuals with neurodisabilities.

Project description:BackgroundAdverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have been linked to brain development and mental disorders, however, the impact of the age of occurrence of ACEs on thalamic volume and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after adult trauma remains unclear. This study assessed associations between ACEs at different ages to thalamic volumes and PTSD development following acute adult trauma.MethodsSeventy-nine adult trauma survivors were recruited immediately after trauma. Within 2 weeks of the traumatic event, participants completed the PTSD Checklist (PCL) to assess PTSD symptoms, the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) and Childhood Age Range Stress Scale (CARSS) to evaluate ACEs and perceived stress level at preschool (<6 years old) and school (6-13 years old) ages, and structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI) to measure thalamic volumes. Participants were divided into three groups: those who experienced no childhood trauma or stress (non-ACEs), those who experienced childhood trauma and stress onset at preschool ages (Presch-ACEs), and those who experienced childhood trauma and stress onset at school ages (Sch-ACEs). At 3 months, participants underwent PTSD symptom evaluation using the Clinician Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS).ResultsAdult trauma survivors in the Presch-ACEs group had higher CTQ and CAPS scores. In addition, survivors in the Presch-ACEs group had smaller thalamic volume compared to survivors in the non-ACEs and Sch-ACEs groups. Furthermore, smaller thalamic volume moderated a positive association between post-trauma 2-week PCL and subsequent 3-month CAPS scores.DiscussionEarlier occurrence of ACEs was associated with smaller thalamic volume, which appears to moderate a positive association between early posttraumatic stress symptom severity and PTSD development after adult trauma. This raises the possibility that early occurrence of ACEs may impact thalamic structure, specifically a reduction in thalamic volume, and that smaller thalamic volume may contribute to susceptibility to PTSD development after adult trauma.

Project description:IntroductionRecent reviews have found substantial links between a toxic childhood environment including child abuse and severe household dysfunction and adult cardiovascular disease (CVD). Collectively referred to as adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), this toxic environment is prevalent among children, with recent Canadian estimates of child abuse at 27%-32%, and severe household dysfunction at 49%. Based on these prevalence rates, the potential effect of ACEs on CVD is more significant than previously thought. Yet, how ACEs amplify the risk for later CVD remains unclear. Lifestyle risk factors only partially account for this connection, instead directing attention to the interaction between psychosocial factors and physiological mechanisms such as inflammation. The Niagara Longitudinal Heart Study (NLHS) examines how ACEs influence cardiovascular health (CVH) from childhood to early adulthood. Integrating the stress process and biological embedding models, this study examines how psychosocial and physiological factors in addition to lifestyle factors explain the relationship between ACEs and CVH.MethodsThis follow-up study combines three baseline studies from 2007 to 2012 that collected CVH measures including child blood pressure, heart rate, left ventricular structure and function, arterial stiffness indices and baroreflex sensitivity on 564 children. Baseline data also include anthropometric, biological, lifestyle, behavioural, and psychosocial measures that varied across primary studies. Now over 18 years of age, we will recruit and retest as many participants from the baseline studies as possible collecting data on ACEs, CVH, anthropometric, lifestyle and psychosocial measures as well as blood, saliva and hair for physiological biostress markers.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval has been received for the NLHS follow-up. Written consent to participate in the follow-up study is obtained from each participant. Results testing all proposed hypotheses will be submitted for publication in peer-reviewed journals.

Project description:ObjectiveThis study used childhood cancer survivors as a novel model to study whether children who experience central nervous system (CNS) injury are at higher risk for neurocognitive impairment associated with subsequent late onset chronic health conditions (CHCs).MethodsAdult survivors of childhood cancer (n = 2,859, ≥10 years from diagnosis, ≥18 years old) completed a comprehensive neurocognitive battery and clinical examination. Neurocognitive impairment was defined as age-adjusted z score < 10th percentile. Participants impaired on ≥3 tests had global impairment. CHCs were graded using the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events v4.3 (grade 1, mild; 2, moderate; 3, severe/disabling; 4, life-threatening) and were combined into a severity/burden score by frequency and grade (none/low, medium, high, and very high). A total of 1,598 survivors received CNS-directed therapy including cranial radiation, intrathecal methotrexate, or neurosurgery. Logistic regression estimated the odds of neurocognitive impairment associated with severity/burden score and grade 2 to 4 conditions, stratified by CNS treatment.ResultsCNS-treated survivors performed worse than non-CNS-treated survivors on all neurocognitive tests and were more likely to have global neurocognitive impairment (46.9% vs 35.3%, p < 0.001). After adjusting for demographic and treatment factors, there was a dose-response association between severity/burden score and global neurocognitive impairment, but only among CNS-treated survivors (high odds ratio [OR] = 2.24, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.42-3.53; very high OR = 4.07, 95% CI = 2.30-7.17). Cardiovascular and pulmonary conditions were associated with processing speed, executive function, and memory impairments in CNS-treated but not non-CNS-treated survivors who were impacted by neurologic conditions.InterpretationReduced cognitive/brain reserve associated with CNS-directed therapy during childhood may make survivors vulnerable to adverse cognitive effects of cardiopulmonary conditions during adulthood. ANN NEUROL 2021;89:534-545.

Project description:BackgroundA large body of research supports the deleterious effects of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) on disease susceptibility and health for both the exposed individual and the next generation. It is likely that there is an intergenerational transmission of risk from mother to child; however, the mechanisms through which such risk is conferred remain unknown. The current study evaluated the association between maternal ACEs, neonatal brain development of the amygdala and hippocampus, and later infant negative emotionality at six months of age.MethodsThe sample included 85 mother-infant dyads (44 female infants) from a longitudinal study. Maternal ACEs were assessed with the Adverse Childhood Experiences Questionnaire (ACE-Q) and neonatal hippocampal and amygdala volume was assessed using structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Infant negative emotionality was assessed at 6 months using the Infant Behavior Questionnaire (IBQ).ResultsMultivariate analyses demonstrated that maternal ACEs were associated with bilateral amygdala volume (F(2,78) = 3.697,p = .029). Specifically, higher maternal ACEs were associated with smaller left (β = -0.220, t(79) = -2.661, p = .009, R2 = 0.494, and right (β = -0.167, t(79) = -2.043, p = .044, R2 = 0.501) amygdala volume. No significant association between maternal ACEs and bilateral hippocampal volume (F(2,78) = 0.215,p = .0807) was found. Follow-up regression analyses demonstrated that both high maternal ACEs and smaller left amygdala volume were associated with higher infant negative emotionality at six months of age (β = .232, p = .040, R2 = 0.094, and β = -0.337, p = .022, R2 = 0.16, respectively) although statistically significant mediation of this effect was not observed (Indirect effect = 0.0187, 95% CI [-0.0016-0.0557]).ConclusionsMaternal ACEs are associated with both newborn amygdala volume and subsequent infant negative emotionality. These findings linking maternal adverse childhood experiences and infant brain development and temperament provide evidence to support the intergenerational transmission of adversity from mother to child.

Project description:BackgroundAdverse childhood experiences (ACEs) can have lasting effects on adult health and survival. In this study, we aimed to examine how the cumulative number and clustering patterns of ACEs were related to premature mortality.MethodsParticipants (N=46 129; 45% White, 48% Black; 49·5% females) were offspring (born in 1959-1966) of participants enrolled in the Collaborative Perinatal Project (CPP). We conducted latent class analysis to examine the clustering patterns of ACEs assessed between children's birth and age seven. We also calculated the cumulative ACE scores of 13 individual ACEs. Cox regression models were used to examine the associations of ACE clusters and scores with risk of premature mortality from adolescence to mid-adulthood.FindingsAt the start of the follow-up for mortality in 1979, participants were 12-20 years old (Mean=15·99 years), and within the 38-year follow-up through 2016, 3 344 deaths were observed among the 46 129 CPP offspring. Five latent classes of ACEs were identified. Compared to children with Low Adversity (48% of the sample), children in Family Instability (9%, HR=1·28, 95%CI 1·07-1·53), Poverty & Crowded Housing (21%, HR=1·41, 95%CI 1·24-1·62), and Poverty & Parental Separation (19%, HR=1·50, 95%CI 1·33-1·68) classes had higher hazards of premature mortality. In addition, children with 2 (HR=1·27, 95%CI 1·14-1·41), 3 (HR=1·29, 95%CI 1·15-1·45), and 4+ (HR=1·45, 95%CI 1·30-1·61) ACEs had higher hazards of mortality than those with no ACE. The clusters of Poverty & Crowded Housing (HR=1·28, 95%CI 1·10-1·49) and Poverty & Parental Separation (HR=1·23, 95%CI 1·02-1·48) remained associated with higher risk of premature mortality, beyond the cumulative risk of higher number of ACEs (HR=1·05, 95%CI 1·01-1·08).InterpretationAbout half of the CPP cohort experienced early life adversities that clustered into four distinct patterns, which were associated with different risk of premature mortality. It is important to deepen our understanding of how specific clusters of childhood adversities affect health and premature mortality to better inform approaches to prevention and interventions.

Dataset Information

The association between adverse childhood experiences and traumatic brain injury/concussion in adulthood: A scoping review protocol.

Introduction

Methods and analysis

Dissemination

Publications

The association between adverse childhood experiences and traumatic brain injury/concussion in adulthood: A scoping review protocol.

Similar Datasets

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