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Region and species dependent mechanical properties of adolescent and young adult brain tissue.

ABSTRACT: Traumatic brain injuries, the leading cause of death and disability in children and young adults, are the result of a rapid acceleration or impact of the head. In recent years, a global effort to better understand the biomechanics of TBI has been undertaken, with many laboratories creating detailed computational models of the head and brain. For these models to produce realistic results they require accurate regional constitutive data for brain tissue. However, there are large differences in the mechanical properties reported in the literature. These differences are likely due to experimental parameters such as specimen age, brain region, species, test protocols, and fiber direction which are often not reported. Furthermore, there is a dearth of reported viscoelastic properties for brain tissue at large-strain and high rates. Mouse, rat, and pig brains are impacted at 10/s to a strain of ~36% using a custom-built micro-indenter with a 125 μm radius. It is shown that the resultant mechanical properties are dependent on specimen-age, species, and region, under identical experimental parameters.

SUBMITTER: MacManus DB

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5653834 | biostudies-literature | 2017 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Region and species dependent mechanical properties of adolescent and young adult brain tissue.

MacManus David B DB Pierrat Baptiste B Murphy Jeremiah G JG Gilchrist Michael D MD

Scientific reports 20171023 1

Traumatic brain injuries, the leading cause of death and disability in children and young adults, are the result of a rapid acceleration or impact of the head. In recent years, a global effort to better understand the biomechanics of TBI has been undertaken, with many laboratories creating detailed computational models of the head and brain. For these models to produce realistic results they require accurate regional constitutive data for brain tissue. However, there are large differences in the ...[more]

PMID: 29061984

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Project description:IntroductionRegional changes in brain stiffness were previously demonstrated in an experimental obstructive hydrocephalus juvenile rat model. The open cranial sutures in the juvenile rats have influenced brain compression and mechanical properties during hydrocephalus development and the extent by which closed cranial sutures in adult hydrocephalic rat models affect brain stiffness in-vivo remains unclear. The aims of this study were to determine changes in brain tissue mechanical properties and brain structure size during hydrocephalus development in adult rat with fixed cranial volume and how these changes were related to brain tissue deformation.MethodsHydrocephalus was induced in 9 female ten weeks old Sprague-Dawley rats by injecting 60 μL of a kaolin suspension (25%) into the cisterna magna under anaesthesia. 6 sham-injected age-matched female SD rats were used as controls. MR imaging (9.4T, Bruker) was performed 1 day before and then at 3 days post injection. T2-weighted anatomical MR images were collected to quantify ventricle and brain tissue cross-sectional areas. MR elastography (800 Hz) was used to measure the brain stiffness (G*, shear modulus).ResultsBrain tissue in the adult hydrocephalic rats was more compressed than the juvenile hydrocephalic rats because the skulls of the adult hydrocephalic rats were unable to expand like the juvenile rats. In the adult hydrocephalic rats, the cortical gray matter thickness and the caudate-putamen cross-sectional area decreased (Spearman, P < 0.001 for both) but there were no significant changes in cranial cross-sectional area (Spearman, P = 0.35), cortical gray matter stiffness (Spearman, P = 0.24) and caudate-putamen (Spearman, P = 0.11) stiffness. No significant changes in the size of brain structures were observed in the controls.ConclusionsThis study showed that although brain tissue in the adult hydrocephalic rats was severely compressed, their brain tissue stiffness did not change significantly. These results are in contrast with our previous findings in juvenile hydrocephalic rats which had significantly less brain compression (as the brain circumference was able to stretch with the cranium due to the open skull sutures) and had a significant increase in caudate putamen stiffness. These results suggest that change in brain mechanical properties in hydrocephalus is complex and is not solely dependent on brain tissue deformation. Further studies on the interactions between brain tissue stiffness, deformation, tissue oedema and neural damage are necessary before MRE can be used as a tool to track changes in brain biomechanics in hydrocephalus.

Dataset Information

Region and species dependent mechanical properties of adolescent and young adult brain tissue.

Publications

Region and species dependent mechanical properties of adolescent and young adult brain tissue.

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