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Diffusion Basis Spectral Imaging Detects Ongoing Brain Inflammation in Virologically Well-Controlled HIV+ Patients.

ABSTRACT: Inflammation occurs after HIV infection and persists, despite highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) measures HIV-associated white matter changes, but can be confounded by inflammation. Currently, the influence of inflammation on white matter integrity in well-controlled HIV+ patients remains unknown. We used diffusion basis spectral imaging (DBSI)-derived cellularity to isolate restricted water diffusion associated with inflammation separated from the anisotropic diffusion associated with axonal integrity. Ninety-two virologically suppressed HIV+ patients on HAART and 66 HIV uninfected (HIV-) controls underwent neuropsychological performance (NP) testing and neuroimaging. NP tests assessed multiple domains (memory, psychomotor speed, and executive functioning). DTI- and DBSI-derived fractional anisotropy (FA) maps were processed with tract-based spatial statistics for comparison between both groups. Cellularity was assessed regarding age, HIV status, and NP. Within the HIV+ cohort, cellularity was compared with clinical (HAART duration) and laboratory measures of disease (eg, CD4 cell current and nadir). NP was similar for both groups. DTI-derived FA was lower in HIV+ compared with HIV- individuals. By contrast, DBSI-derived FA was similar for both groups. Instead, diffuse increases in cellularity were present in HIV+ individuals. Observed changes in cellularity were significantly associated with age, but not NP, in HIV+ individuals. A trend level association was seen between cellularity and HAART duration. Elevated inflammation, measured by cellularity, persists in virologically well-controlled HIV+ individuals. Widespread cellularity changes occur in younger HIV+ individuals and diminish with aging and duration of HAART.

SUBMITTER: Strain JF

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5659935 | biostudies-literature | 2017 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Diffusion Basis Spectral Imaging Detects Ongoing Brain Inflammation in Virologically Well-Controlled HIV+ Patients.

Strain Jeremy F JF Burdo Tricia H TH Song Sheng-Kwei SK Sun Peng P El-Ghazzawy Omar O Nelson Brittany B Westerhaus Elizabeth E Baker Laurie L Vaida Florin F Ances Beau M BM

Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) 20171201 4

Inflammation occurs after HIV infection and persists, despite highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) measures HIV-associated white matter changes, but can be confounded by inflammation. Currently, the influence of inflammation on white matter integrity in well-controlled HIV+ patients remains unknown. We used diffusion basis spectral imaging (DBSI)-derived cellularity to isolate restricted water diffusion associated with inflammation separated from the aniso ...[more]

PMID: 28796748

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Dataset Information

Diffusion Basis Spectral Imaging Detects Ongoing Brain Inflammation in Virologically Well-Controlled HIV+ Patients.

Publications

Diffusion Basis Spectral Imaging Detects Ongoing Brain Inflammation in Virologically Well-Controlled HIV+ Patients.

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