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Cereal products derived from wheat, sorghum, rice and oats alter the infant gut microbiota in vitro.

ABSTRACT: The introduction of different nutrient and energy sources during weaning leads to significant changes in the infant gut microbiota. We used an in vitro infant digestive and gut microbiota model system to investigate the effect of four commercially available cereal products based on either wheat, sorghum, rice or oats, on the gut microbiota of six infants. Our results indicated cereal additions induced numerous changes in the gut microbiota composition. The relative abundance of bacterial families associated with fibre degradation, Bacteroidaceae, Bifidobacteriaceae, Lactobacillaceae, Prevotellaceae, Ruminococcaceae and Veillonellaceae increased, whilst the abundance of Enterobacteriaceae decreased with cereal additions. Corresponding changes in the production of SCFAs showed higher concentrations of acetate following all cereal additions, whilst, propionate and butyrate varied between specific cereal additions. These cereal-specific variations in the concentrations of SCFAs showed a moderate correlation with the relative abundance of potential SCFA-producing bacterial families. Overall, our results demonstrated clear shifts in the abundance of bacterial groups associated with weaning and an increase in the production of SCFAs following cereal additions.

SUBMITTER: Gamage HKAH

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5662621 | biostudies-literature | 2017 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Cereal products derived from wheat, sorghum, rice and oats alter the infant gut microbiota in vitro.

Gamage Hasinika K A H HKAH Tetu Sasha G SG Chong Raymond W W RWW Ashton John J Packer Nicolle H NH Paulsen Ian T IT

Scientific reports 20171030 1

The introduction of different nutrient and energy sources during weaning leads to significant changes in the infant gut microbiota. We used an in vitro infant digestive and gut microbiota model system to investigate the effect of four commercially available cereal products based on either wheat, sorghum, rice or oats, on the gut microbiota of six infants. Our results indicated cereal additions induced numerous changes in the gut microbiota composition. The relative abundance of bacterial familie ...[more]

PMID: 29085002

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Project description:Phytochemicals derived from oats are reported to possess a beneficial effect on modulating dyslipidemia, specifically on lowering total and LDL cholesterol. However, deeper insights into its mechanism remain unclear. In this randomized controlled study, we assigned 210 mildly hypercholesterolemic subjects from three study centers across China (Beijing, Nanjing, and Shanghai) to consume 80 g of oats or rice daily for 45 days. Plasma lipid profiles, short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and fecal microbiota were measured. The results showed that total cholesterol (TC) and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) decreased significantly with both oats and rice intake after 30 and 45 days. The reduction in TC and non-HDL-C was greater in the participants consuming oats compared with rice at day 45 (p = 0.011 and 0.049, respectively). Oat consumption significantly increased the abundance of Akkermansia muciniphila and Roseburia, and the relative abundance of Dialister, Butyrivibrio, and Paraprevotella, and decreased unclassified f-Sutterellaceae. In the oat group, Bifidobacterium abundance was negatively correlated with LDL-C (p = 0.01, r = -0.31) and, TC and LDL-C were negatively correlated to Faecalibacterium prausnitzii (p = 0.02, r = -0.29; p = 0.03, r = -0.27, respectively). Enterobacteriaceae, Roseburia, and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii were positively correlated with plasma butyric acid and valeric acid concentrations and negatively correlated to isobutyric acid. HDL-C was negatively correlated with valeric acid (p = 0.02, r = -0.25) and total triglyceride (TG) was positively correlated to isovaleric acid (p = 0.03, r = 0.23). Taken together, oats consumption significantly reduced TC and LDL-C, and also mediated a prebiotic effect on gut microbiome. Akkermansia muciniphila, Roseburia, Bifidobacterium, and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, and plasma SCFA correlated with oat-induced changes in plasma lipids, suggesting prebiotic activity of oats to modulate gut microbiome could contribute towards its cholesterol-lowering effect.

Project description:The present study assessed the effects of cereal type and the inclusion level of a phytogenic feed additive (PFA) on broiler ileal and cecal gut microbiota composition, volatile fatty acids (VFA) and gene expression of toll like receptors (TLR), tight junction proteins, mucin 2 (MUC2) and secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA). Depending on cereal type (i.e. maize or wheat) and PFA inclusion level (i.e. 0, 100 and 150 mg/kg diet), 450 one-day-old male broilers were allocated in 6 treatments according to a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement with 5 replicates of 15 broilers each, for 42 d. Significant interactions (P ≤ 0.05) between cereal type and PFA were shown for cecal digesta Bacteroides and Clostridium cluster XIVa, ileal digesta propionic and branched VFA, ileal sIgA gene expression, as well as cecal digesta branched and other VFA molar ratios. Cereal type affected the cecal microbiota composition. In particular, wheat-fed broilers had higher levels of mucosa-associated Lactobacillus (P CT = 0.007) and digesta Bifidobacterium (P CT < 0.001), as well as lower levels of total bacteria (P CT = 0.004) and Clostridia clusters I, IV and XIVa (P CT ≤ 0.05), compared with maize-fed ones. In addition, cereal type gave differences in fermentation intensity (P CT = 0.021) and in certain individual VFA molar ratios. Wheat-fed broilers had higher (P ≤ 0.05) ileal zonula occluden 2 (ZO-2) and lower ileal and cecal TLR2 and sIgA levels, compared with maize-fed broilers. On the other hand, PFA inclusion at 150 mg/kg had a stimulating effect on microbial fermentation at ileum and a retarding effect in ceca with additional variable VFA molar patterns. In addition, PFA inclusion at 100 mg/kg increased the ileal mucosa expression of claudin 5 (CLDN5) (P PFA = 0.023) and MUC2 (P PFA = 0.001) genes, and at 150 mg/kg decreased cecal TLR2 (P PFA = 0.022) gene expression compared with the un-supplemented controls. In conclusion, cereal type and PFA affected in combination and independently broiler gut microbiota composition and metabolic activity as well as the expression of critical gut barrier genes including TLR2. Further exploitation of these properties in cases of stressor challenges is warranted.

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Cereal products derived from wheat, sorghum, rice and oats alter the infant gut microbiota in vitro.

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Cereal products derived from wheat, sorghum, rice and oats alter the infant gut microbiota in vitro.

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