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Blocking gp130 signaling suppresses autotaxin expression in adipocytes and improves insulin sensitivity in diet-induced obesity.

ABSTRACT: Autotaxin (ATX), which is highly expressed and secreted by adipocytes, functions as the key enzyme to generate lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) from lysophosphatidylcholine. Adipose tissue is the main source of circulating ATX that modulates plasma LPA levels. Upregulation of ATX expression in obese patients and mice is closely related with insulin resistance and impaired glucose tolerance. However, the mechanism of ATX expression in adipocytes remains largely unknown. In this study, we found that glycoprotein 130 (gp130)-mediated Janus kinase (JAK)-signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) activation was required for abundant ATX expression in adipocytes. Through gp130, the interleukin 6 (IL-6) family cytokines, such as IL-6, leukemia inhibitory factor, cardiotrophin-1, and ciliary neurotrophic factor, upregulated ATX expression in adipocytes. ATX contributes to the induction of insulin resistance and lipolysis in IL-6-stimulated adipocytes. Oral administration of gp130 inhibitor SC144 suppressed ATX expression in adipose tissue, decreased plasma ATX, LPA, and FFA levels, and significantly improved insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance in high-fat diet-fed obese mice. In summary, our results indicate that the activation of gp130-JAK-STAT3 pathway by IL-6 family cytokines has an important role in regulating ATX expression in adipocytes and that gp130 is a promising target in the management of obesity-associated glucose metabolic diseases.

SUBMITTER: Sun S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5665664 | biostudies-literature | 2017 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Blocking gp130 signaling suppresses autotaxin expression in adipocytes and improves insulin sensitivity in diet-induced obesity.

Sun Shuhong S Wang Ran R Song Jianwen J Guan Ming M Li Na N Zhang Xiaotian X Zhao Zhenwen Z Zhang Junjie J

Journal of lipid research 20170905 11

Autotaxin (ATX), which is highly expressed and secreted by adipocytes, functions as the key enzyme to generate lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) from lysophosphatidylcholine. Adipose tissue is the main source of circulating ATX that modulates plasma LPA levels. Upregulation of ATX expression in obese patients and mice is closely related with insulin resistance and impaired glucose tolerance. However, the mechanism of ATX expression in adipocytes remains largely unknown. In this study, we found that gl ...[more]

PMID: 28874440

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Project description:Aims/hypothesisTreatment with the α3β4 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonist, 1,1-dimethyl-4-phenylpiperazinium iodide (DMPP), improves glucose tolerance in diet-induced obese (DIO) mice, but the physiological and molecular mechanisms are unknown.MethodsDMPP (10 mg/kg body weight, s.c.) was administered either in a single injection (acute) or daily for up to 14 days (chronic) in DIO wild-type (WT) and Chrnb4 knockout (KO) mice and glucose tolerance, tissue-specific tracer-based glucose metabolism, and insulin signalling were assessed.ResultsIn WT mice, but not in Chrnb4 KO mice, single acute treatment with DMPP induced transient hyperglycaemia, which was accompanied by high plasma adrenaline (epinephrine) levels, upregulated hepatic gluconeogenic genes, and decreased hepatic glycogen content. In contrast to these acute effects, chronic DMPP treatment in WT mice elicited improvements in glucose tolerance already evident after three consecutive days of DMPP treatment. After seven days of DMPP treatment, glucose tolerance was markedly improved, also in comparison with mice that were pair-fed to DMPP-treated mice. The glycaemic benefit of chronic DMPP was absent in Chrnb4 KO mice. Chronic DMPP increased insulin-stimulated glucose clearance into brown adipose tissue (+69%), heart (+93%), gastrocnemius muscle (+74%) and quadriceps muscle (+59%), with no effect in white adipose tissues. After chronic DMPP treatment, plasma adrenaline levels did not increase following an injection with DMPP. In glucose-stimulated skeletal muscle, we detected a decreased phosphorylation of the inhibitory Ser640 phosphorylation site on glycogen synthase and a congruent increase in glycogen accumulation following chronic DMPP treatment.Conclusions/interpretationOur data suggest that DMPP acutely induces adrenaline release and hepatic glycogenolysis, while chronic DMPP-mediated activation of β4-containing nAChRs improves peripheral insulin sensitivity independently of changes in body weight via mechanisms that could involve increased non-oxidative glucose disposal into skeletal muscle.

Project description:ObjectiveObesity is associated with low-grade adipose tissue inflammation and locally elevated levels of several glycoprotein 130 (gp130) cytokines. The conversion of white into brown-like adipocytes (browning) may increase energy expenditure and revert the positive energy balance that underlies obesity. Although different gp130 cytokines and their downstream targets were shown to regulate expression of the key browning marker uncoupling protein 1 (Ucp1), it remains largely unknown how this contributes to the development and maintenance of obesity. Herein, we aim to study the role of gp130 cytokine signaling in white adipose tissue (WAT) browning in the obese state.MethodsProtein and gene expression levels of UCP1 and other thermogenic markers were assessed in a subcutaneous adipocyte cell line, adipose tissue depots from control or adipocyte-specific gp130 knockout (gp130Δadipo) mice fed either chow or a high-fat diet (HFD), or subcutaneous WAT biopsies from a human cohort of lean and obese subjects. WAT browning was modeled in vitro by exposing mature adipocytes to isoproterenol after stimulation with gp130 cytokines. ERK and JAK-STAT signaling were blocked using the inhibitors U0126 and Tofacitinib, respectively.ResultsInguinal WAT of HFD-fed gp130Δadipo mice exhibited significantly elevated levels of UCP1 and other browning markers such as Cidea and Pgc-1α. In vitro, treatment with the gp130 cytokine oncostatin M (OSM) lowered isoproterenol-induced UCP1 protein and gene expression levels in a dose-dependent manner. Mechanistically, OSM mediated the inhibition of Ucp1 via the JAK-STAT but not the ERK pathway. As with mouse data, OSM gene expression in human WAT positively correlated with BMI (r = 0.284, p = 0.021, n = 66) and negatively with UCP1 expression (r = -0.413, p < 0.001, n = 66).ConclusionsOur data support the notion that OSM negatively regulates thermogenesis in WAT and thus may be an attractive target for treating obesity.

Dataset Information

Blocking gp130 signaling suppresses autotaxin expression in adipocytes and improves insulin sensitivity in diet-induced obesity.

Publications

Blocking gp130 signaling suppresses autotaxin expression in adipocytes and improves insulin sensitivity in diet-induced obesity.

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