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The asparagus genome sheds light on the origin and evolution of a young Y chromosome.

ABSTRACT: Sex chromosomes evolved from autosomes many times across the eukaryote phylogeny. Several models have been proposed to explain this transition, some involving male and female sterility mutations linked in a region of suppressed recombination between X and Y (or Z/W, U/V) chromosomes. Comparative and experimental analysis of a reference genome assembly for a double haploid YY male garden asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) individual implicates separate but linked genes as responsible for sex determination. Dioecy has evolved recently within Asparagus and sex chromosomes are cytogenetically identical with the Y, harboring a megabase segment that is missing from the X. We show that deletion of this entire region results in a male-to-female conversion, whereas loss of a single suppressor of female development drives male-to-hermaphrodite conversion. A single copy anther-specific gene with a male sterile Arabidopsis knockout phenotype is also in the Y-specific region, supporting a two-gene model for sex chromosome evolution.

SUBMITTER: Harkess A

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5665984 | biostudies-literature | 2017 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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The asparagus genome sheds light on the origin and evolution of a young Y chromosome.

Harkess Alex A Zhou Jinsong J Xu Chunyan C Bowers John E JE Van der Hulst Ron R Ayyampalayam Saravanaraj S Mercati Francesco F Riccardi Paolo P McKain Michael R MR Kakrana Atul A Tang Haibao H Ray Jeremy J Groenendijk John J Arikit Siwaret S Mathioni Sandra M SM Nakano Mayumi M Shan Hongyan H Telgmann-Rauber Alexa A Kanno Akira A Yue Zhen Z Chen Haixin H Li Wenqi W Chen Yanling Y Xu Xiangyang X Zhang Yueping Y Luo Shaochun S Chen Helong H Gao Jianming J Mao Zichao Z Pires J Chris JC Luo Meizhong M Kudrna Dave D Wing Rod A RA Meyers Blake C BC Yi Kexian K Kong Hongzhi H Lavrijsen Pierre P Sunseri Francesco F Falavigna Agostino A Ye Yin Y Leebens-Mack James H JH Chen Guangyu G

Nature communications 20171102 1

Sex chromosomes evolved from autosomes many times across the eukaryote phylogeny. Several models have been proposed to explain this transition, some involving male and female sterility mutations linked in a region of suppressed recombination between X and Y (or Z/W, U/V) chromosomes. Comparative and experimental analysis of a reference genome assembly for a double haploid YY male garden asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) individual implicates separate but linked genes as responsible for sex de ...[more]

PMID: 29093472

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Project description:BackgroundMurraya paniculata (L.) Jack, commonly called orange jessamine in the family Rutaceae, is an important ornamental plant in tropical and subtropical regions which is famous for its strong fragrance. Although genome assemblies have been reported for many Rutaceae species, mainly in the genus Citrus, full genomic information has not been reported for M. paniculata, which is a prerequisite for in-depth genetic studies on Murraya and manipulation using genetic engineering techniques. Here, we report a high-quality chromosome-level genome assembly of M. paniculata and aim to provide insights on the molecular mechanisms of flower volatile biosynthesis.ResultsThe genome assembly with a contig N50 of 18.25 Mb consists of 9 pseudomolecules and has a total length of 216.86 Mb. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that M. paniculata diverged from the common ancestor approximately 25 million years ago and has not undergone any species-specific whole genome duplication events. Genome structural annotation and comparative genomics analysis revealed that there are obvious differences in transposon contents among the genomes of M. paniculata and Citrus species, especially in the upstream regions of genes. Research on the flower volatiles of M. paniculata and C. maxima at three flowering stages revealed significant differences in volatile composition with the flowers of C. maxima lacking benzaldehyde and phenylacetaldehyde. Notably, there are transposons inserted in the upstream region of the phenylacetaldehyde synthase (PAAS) genes Cg1g029630 and Cg1g029640 in C. maxima, but not in the upstream region of three PAAS genes Me2G_2379, Me2G_2381, and Me2G_2382 in M. paniculata. Our results indicated that compared to the low expression levels of PAAS genes in C. maxima, the higher expression levels of the three PAAS genes in M. paniculata are the main factor affecting the phenylacetaldehyde biosynthesis and causing the content difference of phenylacetaldehyde. The phenylacetaldehyde synthetic activities of the enzymes encoded by M. paniculata PAAS genes were validated by in vitro analyses.ConclusionsOur study provides useful genomic resources of M. paniculata for further research on Rutaceae plants, identifies new PAAS genes, and provides insights into how transposons contribute to variations in flower volatiles among Murraya and Citrus plants.

Dataset Information

The asparagus genome sheds light on the origin and evolution of a young Y chromosome.

Publications

The asparagus genome sheds light on the origin and evolution of a young Y chromosome.

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