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Responses of Microcystis Colonies of Different Sizes to Hydrogen Peroxide Stress.

ABSTRACT: Microcystis blooms have become a ubiquitous phenomenon in freshwater ecosystems, and the size of Microcystis colonies varies widely throughout the year. In the present study, hydrogen peroxide (H?O?) was applied to test the effect of this algaecide on Microcystis colonies of different sizes and to evaluate the colonies' antioxidant strategy. The results showed that Microcystis populations collapsed under treatment with 5 mg/L H?O? at colony sizes smaller than 25 ?m. A dosage of 20 mg/L H?O? was necessary to efficiently control Microcystis colonies larger than 25 ?m. The enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant systems of different colonies exhibited various strategies to mitigate oxidative stress. In small colonies, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was readily stimulated and operated with catalase (CAT) activity to eliminate reactive oxygen species (ROS). In colonies larger than 25 ?m, the antioxidant enzyme CAT and antioxidant substance glutathione (GSH) played major roles in mitigating oxidative stress at H?O? concentrations below 20 mg/L. In addition, application of the algaecide led to the release of intracellular-microcystins (MCs), and oxidatively-driven MCs reached high concentrations when colony size was larger than 100 ?m. Algaecide control measures should be implemented before the formation of large colonies to limit the algaecide dosage and MC release.

SUBMITTER: Liu M

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5666353 | biostudies-literature | 2017 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Responses of Microcystis Colonies of Different Sizes to Hydrogen Peroxide Stress.

Liu Mixue M Shi Xiaoli X Chen Chao C Yu Li L Sun Chuang C

Toxins 20170927 10

Microcystis blooms have become a ubiquitous phenomenon in freshwater ecosystems, and the size of Microcystis colonies varies widely throughout the year. In the present study, hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) was applied to test the effect of this algaecide on Microcystis colonies of different sizes and to evaluate the colonies' antioxidant strategy. The results showed that Microcystis populations collapsed under treatment with 5 mg/L H₂O₂ at colony sizes smaller than 25 μm. A ...[more]

PMID: 28953232

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Project description:Regulated cell death (RCD) encompasses the activation of cellular pathways that initiate and execute a self-dismissal process. RCD occur over a range of stressors doses that overcome pro-survival cellular pathways, while higher doses cause excessive damage leading to passive accidental cell death (ACD). Hydrogen peroxide (HP) has been proposed as a potential tool to control harmful cyanobacterial blooms, given its capacity to remove cyanobacterial cells and oxidize cyanotoxins. HP is a source of hydroxyl radicals and is expected to induce RCD only within a limited range of concentrations. This property makes this compound very useful to better understand stress-driven RCD. In this work, we analyzed cell death in microcystin-producing Microcystis aeruginosa by means of a stochastic dose response model using a wide range of HP concentrations (0, 0.29, 1.76, 3.67, 7.35, 14.70, and 29.5 mM). We used flow cytometry and unsupervised classification to study cell viability and characterize transitional cell death phenotypes after exposing cells to HP for 48 and 72 h. Non-linear regression was used to fit experimental data to a logistic cumulative distribution function (cdf) and calculate the half maximal effective concentration (EC50). The EC50 of M. aeruginosa exposed to HP were 3.77 ± 0.26 mM and 4.26 ± 0.22 mM at 48 and 72 h, respectively. The derivative of cdf (probability density function; pdf) provided theoretical and practical demonstration that EC50 is the minimal dose required to cause RCD in 50% of cells, therefore maximizing the probability of RCD occurrence. 1.76 mM HP lead to an antioxidant stress response characterized by increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and HP decomposition activity. The exposure of 3.67 mM HP induced a dose-related transition in cell death phenotype, and produced several morphological changes (a less dense stroma, distortion of the cell membrane, partial disintegration of thylakoids, extensive cytoplasmic vacuolation and highly condensed chromatin). The EC50 and the stochastic cdf and pdf together with the multidimensional transitional phenotypic analysis of single cells contribute to further characterize cell death pathways in cyanobacteria.

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Responses of Microcystis Colonies of Different Sizes to Hydrogen Peroxide Stress.

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Responses of Microcystis Colonies of Different Sizes to Hydrogen Peroxide Stress.

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