Australian adults' behaviours, knowledge and perceptions of risk factors for heart disease: A cross-sectional study.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Hoare E
PROVIDER: S-EPMC5676092 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:Snacking outside main meals may contribute to the high intakes of discretionary foods (i.e., unhealthful foods) among young adults. This study assessed the snacking behaviours of Australian young adults including the contribution of snacking to energy and nutrient intakes, the main foods consumed, and portion sizes. A secondary analysis of the MYMeals study of adults aged 18-30 years who consumed at least one snack food during the recording period (n = 889) was conducted. All food consumed over 3 consecutive days was recorded using a purpose-designed smartphone app. Snack foods contributed 13.2% of energy, 23.4% of total sugars, and 16.2% of saturated fat. Females consumed more energy (13.8% vs. 12.2%, p = 0.007) and total sugars (25.8% vs. 20.8%, p = 0.009), from snacking than males. Fruit (20.2%), chocolate (9.9%), cake-type desserts (8.4%), sweet biscuits (6.1%), and ice-cream-type desserts (5.6%) were the most frequently consumed snacks by young adults. The median portion sizes for the top five snack foods consumed were fruit-106 g (IQR: 73), chocolate-26 g (IQR: 36), cake-95 g (IQR: 88), sweet biscuits-26 g (IQR: 29), and ice cream-75 g (IQR: 42). The current findings may inform population-wide strategies to encourage healthful snacks such as fruit, inform portion control by individuals, and persuade the food industry to reduce the serving size of discretionary snack foods such as cake.
| S-EPMC10609995 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundLifelong dietary treatment remains the mainstay for many with phenylketonuria (PKU); however, adherence is known to reduce with age. It remains unclear whether knowledge and perceptions of the PKU diet amongst adults with PKU influence dietary behaviours.MethodsA nationwide questionnaire survey was performed to investigate the knowledge and perceptions, and associated diet behaviours of adults with PKU in the UK. The survey was sent to adults with PKU under the care of the host hospital and members of the National Society of PKU.ResultsOne hundred and thirty-seven respondents (n = 78 females, 56.9%) completed the survey with a mean age of 34 years and 4 months (16-65 years). Sixty (43.8%) respondents had always followed a PKU diet, 39 (28.5%) returned to diet and 35 (25.5%) were off diet. Overall mean ± SD knowledge score was 75.2% ± 13.4%, with significantly higher scores for knowledge of PKU (80.7% ± 16.2%) compared to knowledge specifically of the PKU diet (72.6% ± 14.5%, p < 0.001). Knowledge was associated with dietary adherence. Respondents who always followed a PKU diet had similar knowledge to those who returned to diet, whereas respondents off diet had significantly lower scores. Perception of the diet was not a predictor of dietary adherence, with the exception of whether patients had concerns for their long-term health when on diet or felt well when not following a diet.ConclusionsThe present study highlights the importance of ongoing dietetic input in building knowledge and skills for dietary management. Further research is needed to understand the motivators and beliefs that influence dietary adherence.
| S-EPMC9790708 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Aims and objectivesTo compare knowledge, anxiety, academic concerns and preventative behaviours between undergraduate nursing students in Australia and India during the COVID-19 pandemic.BackgroundBased on the World Health Organization's direction for containment of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19), countries implemented varying levels of restrictions including closure of university campuses and providing on line undergraduate education.MethodsStudents in NSW, Australia and Kerala, India completed an online survey assessing their (a) knowledge and source of information about COVID-19; (b) anxiety; and coping strategies; (c) academic concerns; and (d) preventative behaviours. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to summarise the data.ResultsData from 99 Australian and 113 Indian undergraduate nurses were analysed. Greater number of Indian students indicated having sufficient knowledge of COVID-19 (OR 0.22; 95% CI 0.08, 0.63), getting information about COVID-19 from social media (OR 0.03; 95% CI 0.01, 0.07) and being concerned about 'attending clinical placement' (MD-1.08; 95% CI -1.94, -0.23). Australian students reported significantly higher levels of anxiety (MD 1.99 95% CI 1.21, 2.78), difficulty sleeping (OR 18.00; 95% CI 6.76, 47.96), concentrating (OR 33.22; 95% CI 13.85, 79.67) and eating (OR 14.05; 95% CI 3.19, 61.84). Greater number of Australian students indicated that they would go to the University if they needed to meet with other students (OR 9.21; 95% CI 3.08, 27.55), had to access the library (OR 7.20; 95% CI 3.26, 15.90) or had a group assignment (OR 2.93; 95% CI 1.26, 6.77).ConclusionsWide variations were present in knowledge, anxiety, academic concerns and preventative behaviours among undergraduate nursing students in two countries.Relevance to clinical practiceUndergraduate students may benefit from additional support from the University and staff in the clinical setting with online learning and resources in order to adjust to the 'new normal' and enable them to achieve academic success.
| S-EPMC8013450 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectiveThis study investigated the association between COVID-19 prevention knowledge and concern and practising preventive behaviour in Australian adults.MethodsUsing an online survey, knowledge of Australian COVID-19 guidelines, concerns about pandemic impact, the practice of preventive behaviours, and sociodemographic variables (i.e. age, gender, information source) were measured. Bivariate analysis and linear regression models were used.ResultsA total of 1,491 participants (age 50.5 ±14.9 years, 32.3% males) completed the survey. Higher knowledge and concern scores were associated with a higher practice of preventive behaviour scores (βs:0.47 & 0.08 respectively, p<0.001). Older adults (>65 years) and women had higher knowledge and practice scores compared to their counterparts. Being younger (<45 years) and male were associated with a lower practice score (βs:-0.88 & -2.52, respectively, p<0.001). Referring to public and government sources as primary sources of information was associated with a higher practice score (β:1.21, p<0.001).ConclusionsGovernment-run campaigns appear to be effective in promoting preventive practices and achieving a high knowledge of COVID-19 guidelines in Australian adults. Implications for public health: Public health strategies are required to promote the practice of preventive behaviour for COVID-19 (or future pandemics), especially among men and younger adults using social media, given their wide use of these sources.
| S-EPMC8441743 | biostudies-literature
Project description:There is an abundance of research focusing on the nutritional needs of the cat, though aspects surrounding treat feeding have received far less attention. Feeding practices have the potential to cause nutrient imbalances and adverse health outcomes, including obesity. The objective of this study was to identify and describe the perceptions, motivations, and behaviours surrounding treats, and factors that influence treat feeding by cat caregivers. A 56-question online survey was disseminated to cat caregivers (n = 337) predominantly from Canada and the USA to collect data regarding caregiver and cat demographics, the pet-caregiver relationship, perceptions surrounding treats, and feeding practices and behaviours. Descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, Kruskal-Wallis one-way ANOVA, Wilcoxon signed-rank tests, and multivariable logistic regression models were used to analyze the survey data. Caregivers had varying interpretations of the term 'treat' and how treats relate to the primary diet, and these perceptions appeared to influence the quantity of treats provided. Aspects relating to the human-animal bond were highlighted as an important factor in decisions and behaviours surrounding treat feeding in our results. Though the majority (224/337, 66%) of respondents indicated they monitor their pet's treat intake, using an eyeball estimate was the most frequent (139/337, 41%) method reported to measure treats. Multivariable logistic regression results revealed feeding jerky, bones, dental treats, and table scraps in select frequencies were predictive of caregivers perceiving their cat as overweight/obese. Results provide valuable new insights to cat caregiver feeding practices and perceptions of treats and can be used to inform veterinary nutrition support to caregivers. More research is warranted to further our understanding and ensure that cats receive optimal nutrition and care.
| S-EPMC10781132 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundThe number of Lyme disease risk areas in Canada is growing. In regions with emerging tick populations, it is important to emphasize peridomestic risk and the importance of protective behaviours in local public health communication. This study aims to identify characteristics associated with high levels of Lyme disease knowledge and adoption of protective behaviours among residents in the Ottawa, Ontario region.MethodsA geographically stratified web survey was conducted in November 2020 (n = 2018) to determine knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding Lyme disease among adult residents. Responses were used to calculate: (i) composite scores for knowledge and adoption of protective practices; and (ii) an exposure risk index based on reported activity in woodlands during the spring-to-fall tick exposure risk period.Results60% of respondents had a high knowledge of Lyme disease, yet only 14% indicated they often use five or more measures to protect themselves. Factors strongly associated with a high level of Lyme disease knowledge included being 55 or older (Odds Ratio (OR) = 2.04), living on a property with a yard (OR = 3.22), having a high exposure index (OR = 1.59), and knowing someone previously infected with Lyme disease (OR = 2.05). Strong associations with the adoption of a high number of protective behaviours were observed with membership in a non-Indigenous racialized group (OR = 1.70), living on a property with a yard (OR = 2.37), previous infection with Lyme disease (OR = 2.13), prior tick bite exposure (OR = 1.62), and primarily occupational activity in wooded areas (OR = 2.31).ConclusionsThis study highlights the dynamics between Lyme disease knowledge, patterns of exposure risk awareness, and vigilance of personal protection in a Canadian region with emerging Lyme disease risk. Notably, this study identified gaps between perceived local risk and protective behaviours, presenting opportunities for targeted enhanced communication efforts in areas of Lyme disease emergence.
| S-EPMC10956326 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundKnowledge is an important pre-requisite for implementing both primary as well as secondary preventive strategies for cardiovascular disease (CVD). There are no estimates of the level of knowledge of risk factor of heart disease in patients with CVD. We estimated the level of knowledge of modifiable risk factors and determined the factors associated with good level of knowledge among patients presenting with their first acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in a tertiary care hospital in Karachi, Pakistan.MethodsA hospital based cross-sectional study was conducted at the National Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, a major tertiary care hospital in Karachi Pakistan. Patients admitted with their first AMI were eligible to participate. Standard questionnaire was used to interview 720 subjects. Knowledge of four modifiable risk factors of heart disease: fatty food consumption, smoking, obesity and exercise were assessed. The participants knowing three out of four risk factors were regarded as having a good level of knowledge. A multiple logistic regression model was constructed to identify the determinants of good level of knowledge.ResultsThe mean age (SD) was 54 (11.66) years. A mere 42% of our study population had a good level of knowledge. In multiple logistic regression analysis, independent predictors of "good" level of knowledge were (odds ratio [95% confidence interval]) more than ten years of schooling were 2.5 [1.30, 4.80] (verses no schooling at all) and nuclear family system (verses extended family system) 2.54 [1.65, 3.89]. In addition, Sindhi ethnicity OR [3.03], higher level of exercise OR [2.76] and non user of tobacco OR [2.53] were also predictors of good level of knowledge.ConclusionOur findings highlight the lack of good level of knowledge of modifiable risk factors for heart disease among subjects admitted with AMI in Pakistan. There is urgent need for aggressive and targeted educational strategies in the Pakistani population.
| S-EPMC1464150 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundDiets low in fruit and vegetables and high in salt are among the top dietary risk factors for non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Using a nationally representative sample of Australians, this study aimed to describe self-reported intake of fruit and vegetables, and knowledge, attitudes and behaviours related to salt intake, and determine if there were socio-demographic differences between population subgroups.MethodsA 2016 cross-sectional survey of Australian adults aged 18 years and over, which comprised 160 questions, including socio-demographic and health-related questions. Descriptive statistics (mean, 95% confidence interval, %) were calculated. Weighted-adjusted logistic regression models were used to determine if there were socio-demographic differences in salt behaviours and fruit and vegetable consumption.ResultsA total of 1217 participants completed the survey (51% female). Less than 8% of participants reported consuming the recommended 2 or more serves of fruit and 5 or more serves of vegetables. Almost 60% of participants frequently added salt during cooking/meal preparation and 42% of respondents frequently placed a salt-shaker on the table at mealtimes. There were no consistent patterns between socio-demographic factors and measures of fruit and vegetable consumption and salt behaviours. Differences in at least one measure were found for sex, age, location, education level and weight category.ConclusionsThere were no consistent patterns between socio-demographic factors and salt behaviours and fruit and vegetable intake. Less than recommended intakes of fruit and vegetables and frequent discretionary salt use are placing Australians at risk of diet-related NCDs. Broad population-based policies and programs to improve fruit and vegetable intake and salt behaviours are needed to improve Australian's diets.
| S-EPMC8425065 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundHigh awareness of cervical cancer (CC) risk factors is important to decrease the morbidity and mortality associated with CC. This study aimed to assess the knowledge level of Palestinian women about CC risk factors and to determine the factors associated with good knowledge.MethodsThis was a national cross-sectional study. Adult women from hospitals, primary healthcare centers, and public spaces of 11 governorates in Palestine were recruited using a stratified convenience sampling. A translated-into-Arabic version of the validated CC awareness measure (CeCAM) was used to assess the knowledge about the 11 CC risk factors. For each correctly identified risk factor, the participant was given one point. The total score was calculated and was categorized into three categories: poor knowledge (0-3), fair knowledge (4-7), and good knowledge (8-11).ResultsA total of 7223 participants completed the Arabic CeCAM (response rate = 89.3%) and 7058 questionnaires were included in the final analysis: 2655 from the Gaza Strip and 4403 from the West Bank and Jerusalem. Participants recruited from the Gaza Strip were younger, getting lower monthly incomes, and with less chronic diseases than participants recruited from the West Bank and Jerusalem. The most frequently identified risk factor was 'having a weakened immune system' (n = 5458, 77.3%) followed by 'infection with a sexually transmitted infection' (n = 5388, 76.3%). The least identified risk factor was 'having many children' (n = 1597, 22.6%). Only 1670 women (23.7%) had good knowledge of CC risk factors. Women living in the Gaza Strip were more likely than women living in the West Bank and Jerusalem to have good knowledge (25.2% vs 22.7%). Completing a secondary or diploma degree, being employed, and having a monthly income of ≥ 1450 NIS (around $450) were all associated with lower likelihood of having good knowledge of CC risk factors. Conversely, knowing someone with cancer was associated with higher likelihood of having good knowledge.ConclusionThe overall awareness of CC risk factors was low. There is a substantial need to establish educational programs to promote Palestinian women's awareness of CC.
| S-EPMC8561913 | biostudies-literature
Project description:OBJECTIVES:Physicians' demanding work conditions may reduce the time and energy required for maintaining healthy lifestyles. This study examined health-related behaviours, perceived health status and emotional stress among physicians, and analysed the effects of personal and work characteristics on these endpoints. DESIGN:A cross-sectional study using a digital questionnaire. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS:All 25 590 physicians who were members of the Israeli Medical Association in 2015 were invited to participate by email. Of 14 694 who opened the e-mail, 4832 (32.9%) responded. OUTCOME MEASURES:Survey topics included physical activity (PA), nutrition and eating habits, smoking, sleep, perceived health status and emotional stress, body mass index (BMI) and contact with a regular physician, as well as personal and work characteristics. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed. RESULTS:Of the 4832 respondents, 21% reported poor or fair health status, 36% felt considerable emotional stress, 57% were overweight or obese (according to BMI≥25 kg/m2), 71% did not meet the recommended PA level, 79% did not meet a composite measure of healthy nutrition, 8% were current smokers, 25% slept 5 hours or less and 57% did not have a regular physician. Residents and hospital physicians reported significantly less healthy lifestyles, lower perceived health status and higher stress levels, compared with senior and community physicians. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that being female (OR=0.74, 95% CI=0.64 to 0.85), younger (0.69, 0.64 to 0.74), having poor nutrition (0.66, 0.55 to 0.78), not meeting PA targets (0.68, 0.57 to 0.82), inadequate sleep (0.54, 0.40 to 0.56) and perceived poor health status (0.48, 0.40 to 0.56) were significantly associated with high stress levels (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS:The unfavourable health behaviours reported among Israeli physicians may have negative effects on their health and well-being. An intervention program to help physicians to adopt a healthier lifestyle is urgently needed.
| S-EPMC6756570 | biostudies-literature