Dataset Information

Geographic Variation and US County Characteristics Associated With Rapid Kidney Function Decline.

ABSTRACT: Introduction:Geographic variation in the prevalence of chronic kidney disease and incidence of end-stage renal disease has been previously reported. However, the geographic epidemiology of rapid estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) decline has not been examined. Methods:We built a longitudinal cohort of 2,107,570 US veterans to characterize the spatial epidemiology of and examine the associations between US county characteristics and rapid eGFR decline. Results:There were 169,029 (8.02%) with rapid eGFR decline (defined as eGFR slope < -5 ml/min per 1.73 m2/year). The prevalence of rapid eGFR decline adjusted for age, race, gender, diabetes, and hypertension varied by county from 4.10%-6.72% in the lowest prevalence quintile to 8.41%-22.04% in the highest prevalence quintile (P for heterogeneity < 0.001). Examination of adjusted prevalence showed substantial geographic variation in those with and without diabetes and those with and without hypertension (P for heterogeneity < 0.001). Cohort participants had higher odds of rapid eGFR decline when living in counties with unfavorable characteristics in domains including health outcomes (odds ratio [OR] = 1.15; confidence interval [CI] = 1.09-1.22), health behaviors (OR = 1.08; CI = 1.03-1.13), clinical care (OR = 1.11; CI = 1.06-1.16), socioeconomic conditions (OR = 1.15; CI = 1.09-1.22), and physical environment (OR = 1.15; CI = 1.01-1.20); living in counties with high percentage of minorities and immigrants was associated with rapid eGFR decline (OR = 1.25; CI = 1.20-1.31). Spatial analyses suggest the presence of cluster of counties with high prevalence of rapid eGFR decline. Discussion:Our findings show substantial geographic variation in rapid eGFR decline among US veterans; the variation persists in analyses stratified by diabetes and hypertension status; results show associations between US county characteristics in domains capturing health, socioeconomic, environmental, and diversity conditions, and rapid eGFR decline.

SUBMITTER: Bowe B

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5678675 | biostudies-literature | 2017 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Geographic Variation and US County Characteristics Associated With Rapid Kidney Function Decline.

Bowe Benjamin B Xie Yan Y Xian Hong H Lian Min M Al-Aly Ziyad Z

Kidney international reports 20160830 1

<h4>Introduction</h4>Geographic variation in the prevalence of chronic kidney disease and incidence of end-stage renal disease has been previously reported. However, the geographic epidemiology of rapid estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) decline has not been examined.<h4>Methods</h4>We built a longitudinal cohort of 2,107,570 US veterans to characterize the spatial epidemiology of and examine the associations between US county characteristics and rapid eGFR decline.<h4>Results</h4>There ...[more]

PMID: 29142937

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Project description:ObjectivesTo quantify geographic variation in anticoagulant use and explore what resident, nursing home, and county characteristics were associated with anticoagulant use in a clinically complex population.DesignA repeated cross-sectional design was used to estimate current oral anticoagulant use on December 31, 2014, 2015, and 2016.Setting and participantsSecondary data for United States nursing home residents during the period 2014-2016 were drawn from the Minimum Data Set 3.0 and Medicare Parts A and D. Nursing home residents (≥65 years) with a diagnosis of atrial fibrillation and ≥6 months of Medicare fee-for-service enrollment were eligible for inclusion. Residents in a coma or on hospice were excluded.MethodsMultilevel logistic models evaluated the extent to which variation in anticoagulant use between counties could be explained by resident, nursing home, and county characteristics and state of residence. Proportional changes in cluster variation (PCVs), intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs), and adjusted odds ratios (aORs) were estimated.ResultsAmong 86,736 nursing home residents from 11,860 nursing homes and 1694 counties, 45% used oral anticoagulants. The odds of oral anticoagulant use were 18% higher in 2016 than 2014 (aOR: 1.18; 95% confidence interval: 1.14-1.22). Most states had counties in the highest (51.3-58.9%) and lowest (31.1%-41.4%) deciles of anticoagulant use. Compared with the null model, adjustment for resident characteristics explained one-third of the variation between counties (PCV: 34.8%). The full model explained 65.5% of between-county variation. Within-county correlation was a small proportion (ICC < 2.2%) of total variation.Conclusions and implicationsIn this older adult population at high risk for ischemic stroke, less than half of the residents received treatment with anticoagulants. Variation in treatment across counties was partially attributable to the characteristics of residents, nursing homes, and counties. Comparative evidence and refinement of predictive algorithms specific to the nursing home setting may be warranted.

Project description:BackgroundImpaired kidney function and albuminuria are associated with increased risk of heart failure (HF) in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). We investigated whether rapid kidney function decline over time is an additional determinant of increased HF risk in patients with T2D, independent of baseline kidney function, albuminuria, and other HF predictors.MethodsIncluded in the study were 7,539 participants in the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) study with baseline urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) data, who had completed 4 years of follow-up and had ≥ 3 eGFR measurements during that period (median eGFR/year = 1.9, IQR 1.7-3.2). The association between rapid kidney function decline (eGFR loss ≥ 5 ml/min/1.73 m2/year) and odds of HF hospitalization or HF death during the first 4 years of follow-up was estimated by logistic regression. The improvement in risk discrimination provided by adding rapid kidney function decline to other HF risk factors was evaluated as the increment in the area under the Receiving Operating Characteristics curve (ROC AUC) and integrated discrimination improvement (IDI).ResultsOver 4 years of follow-up, 1,573 participants (20.9%) experienced rapid kidney function decline and 255 (3.4%) experienced a HF event. Rapid kidney function decline was associated with a ~ 3.2-fold increase in HF odds (3.23, 95% CI, 2.51-4.16, p < 0.0001), independent of baseline CVD history. This estimate was not attenuated by adjustment for potential confounders, including eGFR and UACR at baseline as well as at censoring (3.74; 95% CI 2.63-5.31). Adding rapid kidney function decline during follow-up to other clinical predictors (WATCH-DM score, eGFR, and UACR at study entry and end of follow-up) improved HF risk classification (ROC AUC = + 0.02, p = 0.027; relative IDI = + 38%, p < 0.0001).ConclusionsIn patients with T2D, rapid kidney function decline is associated with a marked increase in HF risk, independent of starting kidney function and/or albuminuria. These findings highlight the importance of serial eGFR measurements over time to improve HF risk estimation in T2D.

Project description:Bronchiolitis and pneumonia are leading causes of pediatric hospitalizations. Identifying geographic patterns in hospitalization rates across small geographic areas could be particularly relevant to targeted patient-level and population-level health care.To determine whether lower respiratory tract infection hospitalization rates varied geographically across a single county and whether such variability was associated with socioeconomic conditions.Cross-sectional, population-based study of children hospitalized at one institution for lower respiratory tract infections between January 1, 2010, and December 31, 2013. The setting was Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, a large, academic, stand-alone pediatric facility located in Hamilton County, Ohio. During the study period, 99.6% of in-county children hospitalized for lower respiratory tract infections were admitted to Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center. Participants were children younger than 2 years who were hospitalized with bronchiolitis and children younger than 18 years who were hospitalized with pneumonia. Patients were identified using discharge diagnosis codes and then geocoded to their home census tract.Primary exposures, linked to each geocoded patient, included census tract-level socioeconomic measures obtained from the 2008 to 2012 American Community Survey (eg, adult educational attainment, unemployment, and poverty). Patient-level variables examined included demographics, presence of a complex chronic condition, length of stay, and cost.We calculated bronchiolitis and pneumonia hospitalization rates for Hamilton County and for each of 222 in-county census tracts. Associations between hospitalization rate quintiles and underlying socioeconomic conditions were assessed using the Kruskal-Wallis test. Geographic clustering was assessed using the Getis-Ord Gi* statistic.There were 1495 bronchiolitis hospitalizations and 1231 pneumonia hospitalizations during the study period. The county rates were 17.5 (range across census tracts, 0-71.4) hospitalizations per 1000 children per year for bronchiolitis and 1.6 (range across census tracts, 0-4.3) hospitalizations per 1000 children per year for pneumonia. There was significant variation in the median hospitalization rates by census tract quintile for bronchiolitis (32.8, 20.8, 14.0, 10.4, and 5.1 per 1000) and for pneumonia (3.3, 2.1, 1.4, 0.9, and 0.3 per 1000). There were also significant, graded differences in socioeconomic measures by hospitalization rate quintile. Hot spots were localized to inner-city, impoverished neighborhoods.Bronchiolitis and pneumonia hospitalization rates varied considerably in ways that were related to underlying socioeconomic conditions. Clinical and public health interventions, targeted accordingly, could improve patient-level and population-level management of acute conditions at a reduced cost.

Project description:BackgroundTo develop a reliable model to predict rapid kidney function decline (RKFD) among population at risk of cardiovascular disease.MethodsIn this retrospective study, key monitoring residents including the elderly, and patients with hypertension or diabetes of China National Basic Public Health Service who underwent community annual physical examinations from January 2015 to December 2020 were included. Healthy records were extracted from regional chronic disease management platform. RKFD was defined as the reduction of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) ≥ 40% during follow-up period. The entire cohort were randomly assigned to a development cohort and a validation cohort in a 2:1 ratio. Cox regression analysis was used to identify the independent predictors. A nomogram was established based on the development cohort. The concordance index (C-index) and calibration plots were calculated. Decision curve analysis was applied to evaluate the clinical utility.ResultsA total of 8455 subjects were included. During the median follow-up period of 3.72 years, the incidence of RKFD was 11.96% (n = 1011), 11.98% (n = 676) and 11.92% (n = 335) in the entire cohort, development cohort and validation cohort, respectively. Age, eGFR, hemoglobin, systolic blood pressure, and diabetes were identified as predictors for RKFD. Good discriminating performance was observed in both the development (C-index, 0.73) and the validation (C-index, 0.71) cohorts, and the AUCs for predicting 5-years RKFD was 0.763 and 0.740 in the development and the validation cohort, respectively. Decision curve analysis further confirmed the clinical utility of the nomogram.ConclusionsOur nomogram based on five readily accessible variables (age, eGFR, hemoglobin, systolic blood pressure, and diabetes) is a useful tool to identify high risk patients for RKFD among population at risk of cardiovascular disease in primary care. Whereas, further external validations are needed before clinical generalization.

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Geographic Variation and US County Characteristics Associated With Rapid Kidney Function Decline.

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Geographic Variation and US County Characteristics Associated With Rapid Kidney Function Decline.

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