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Hemorrhage recurrence risk factors in cerebral amyloid angiopathy: Comparative analysis of the overall small vessel disease severity score versus individual neuroimaging markers.

ABSTRACT: An MRI-based score of total small vessel disease burden (CAA-SVD-Score) in cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) has been demonstrated to correlate with severity of pathologic changes. Evidence suggests that CAA-related intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) recurrence risk is associated with specific disease imaging manifestations rather than overall severity. We compared the correlation between the CAA-SVD-Score with the risk of recurrent CAA-related lobar ICH versus the predictive role of each of its components.Consecutive patients with CAA-related ICH from a single-center prospective cohort were analyzed. Radiological markers of CAA related SVD damage were quantified and categorized according to the CAA-SVD-Score (0-6 points). Subjects were followed prospectively for recurrent symptomatic ICH. Adjusted Cox proportional hazards models were used to investigate associations between the CAA-SVD-Score as well as each of the individual MRI signatures of CAA and the risk of recurrent ICH.In 229 CAA patients with ICH, a total of 56 recurrent ICH events occurred during a median follow-up of 2.8years [IQR 0.9-5.4years, 781 person-years). Higher CAA-SVD-Score (HR=1.26 per additional point, 95%CI [1.04-1.52], p=0.015) and older age were independently associated with higher ICH recurrence risk. Analysis of individual markers of CAA showed that CAA-SVD-Score findings were due to the independent effect of disseminated superficial siderosis (HR for disseminated cSS vs none: 2.89, 95%CI [1.47-5.5], p=0.002) and high degree of perivascular spaces enlargement (RR=3.50-95%CI [1.04-21], p=0.042).In lobar CAA-ICH patients, higher CAA-SVD-Score does predict recurrent ICH. Amongst individual elements of the score, superficial siderosis and dilated perivascular spaces are the only markers independently associated with ICH recurrence, contributing to the evidence for distinct CAA phenotypes singled out by neuro-imaging manifestations.

SUBMITTER: Boulouis G

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5678990 | biostudies-literature | 2017 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Hemorrhage recurrence risk factors in cerebral amyloid angiopathy: Comparative analysis of the overall small vessel disease severity score versus individual neuroimaging markers.

Boulouis Gregoire G Charidimou Andreas A Pasi Marco M Roongpiboonsopit Duangnapa D Xiong Li L Auriel Eitan E van Etten Ellis S ES Martinez-Ramirez Sergi S Ayres Alison A Vashkevich Anastasia A Schwab Kristin M KM Rosand Jonathan J Goldstein Joshua N JN Gurol M Edip ME Greenberg Steven M SM Viswanathan Anand A

Journal of the neurological sciences 20170709

<h4>Introduction</h4>An MRI-based score of total small vessel disease burden (CAA-SVD-Score) in cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) has been demonstrated to correlate with severity of pathologic changes. Evidence suggests that CAA-related intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) recurrence risk is associated with specific disease imaging manifestations rather than overall severity. We compared the correlation between the CAA-SVD-Score with the risk of recurrent CAA-related lobar ICH versus the predictive ro ...[more]

PMID: 28870591

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Project description:BackgroundIntracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) recurrence risk is known to be higher in patients with cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) as compared to other causes of ICH. Risk factors for ICH recurrence are not completely understood, and our goal was to study specific imaging microangiopathy markers.MethodsRetrospective case-control study of patients with non-traumatic ICH admitted to a single center between 2014 and 2017 who underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Clinical characteristics of the index event and occurrence of death and ICH recurrence were collected from clinical records. MRI images were independently reviewed by 2 neuroradiologists. Groups of patients with CAA-related and CAA-unrelated ICH defined were compared. Presence of CAA was defined according to the Boston modified criteria. Survival analysis with Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox-regression analyses was performed to analyze ICH recurrence-free survival.ResultsAmong 448 consecutive patients with non-traumatic ICH admitted during the study period, 104 were included in the study, mean age 64 years (±13.5), median follow-up of 27 months (interquartile range, IQR 16-43), corresponding to 272 person-years of total follow-up. CAA-related ICH patients presented higher burden of lobar microbleeds (p < 0.001), higher burden of enlarged perivascular spaces (EPVS) in centrum semiovale (p < 0.001) and more frequently presented cortical superficial siderosis (cSS; p < 0.001). ICH recurrence in patients with CAA was 12.7 per 100 person-years, and no recurrence was observed in patients without CAA. Variables associated with ICH recurrence in the whole population were age (hazard ratio [HR] per 1-year increment = 1.05, 95% CI 1.00-1.11, p = 0.046), presence of disseminated cSS (HR 3.32, 95% CI 1.09-10.15, p = 0.035) and burden of EPVS in the centrum semiovale (HR per 1-point increment = 1.80, 95% CI 1.04-3.12, p = 0.035).ConclusionsThis study confirms a higher ICH recurrence risk in patients with CAA-related ICH and suggests that age, disseminated cSS, and burden of EPVS in the centrum semiovale are associated with ICH recurrence.

Project description:Background and purposeCerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is a common cause of recurrent intracerebral hemorrhage in the elderly. Previous studies have shown that CAA induces inflammation and expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (gelatinases) in amyloid-laden vessels. Here, we inhibited both using minocycline in CAA mouse models to determine whether spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage could be reduced.MethodsTg2576 (n=16) and 5xFAD/ApoE4 knockin mice (n=16), aged 17 and 12 months, respectively, were treated with minocycline (50 mg/kg, IP) or saline every other day for 2 months. Brains were extracted and stained with X-34 (to quantify amyloid), Perls' blue (to quantify hemorrhage), and immunostained to examined β-amyloid peptide load, gliosis (glial fibrillary acidic protein [GFAP], Iba-1), and vascular markers of blood-brain barrier integrity (zonula occludins-1 [ZO-1] and collagen IV). Brain extracts were used to quantify mRNA for a variety of inflammatory genes.ResultsMinocycline treatment significantly reduced hemorrhage frequency in the brains of Tg2576 and 5xFAD/ApoE4 mice relative to the saline-treated mice, without affecting CAA load. Gliosis (GFAP and Iba-1 immunostaining), gelatinase activity, and expression of a variety of inflammatory genes (matrix metalloproteinase-9, NOX4, CD45, S-100b, and Iba-1) were also significantly reduced. Higher levels of microvascular tight junction and basal lamina proteins were found in the brains of minocycline-treated Tg2576 mice relative to saline-treated controls.ConclusionsMinocycline reduced gliosis, inflammatory gene expression, gelatinase activity, and spontaneous hemorrhage in 2 different mouse models of CAA, supporting the importance of matrix metalloproteinase-related and inflammatory pathways in intracerebral hemorrhage pathogenesis. As a Food and Drug Administration-approved drug, minocycline might be considered for clinical trials to test efficacy in preventing CAA-related intracerebral hemorrhage.

Dataset Information

Hemorrhage recurrence risk factors in cerebral amyloid angiopathy: Comparative analysis of the overall small vessel disease severity score versus individual neuroimaging markers.

Publications

Hemorrhage recurrence risk factors in cerebral amyloid angiopathy: Comparative analysis of the overall small vessel disease severity score versus individual neuroimaging markers.

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