Dataset Information

Laser Thinning and Patterning of MoS2 with Layer-by-Layer Precision.

ABSTRACT: The recently discovered novel properties of two dimensional materials largely rely on the layer-critical variation in their electronic structure and lattice symmetry. Achieving layer-by-layer precision patterning is thus crucial for junction fabrications and device engineering, which hitherto poses an unprecedented challenge. Here we demonstrate laser thinning and patterning with layer-by-layer precision in a two dimensional (2D) quantum material MoS2. Monolayer, bilayer and trilayer of MoS2 films are produced with precise vertical and lateral control, which removes the extruding barrier for fabricating novel three dimensional (3D) devices composed of diverse layers and patterns. By tuning the laser fluence and exposure time we demonstrate producing MoS2 patterns with designed layer numbers. The underlying physics mechanism is identified to be temperature-dependent evaporation of the MoS2 lattice, verified by our measurements and calculations. Our investigation paves way for 3D device fabrication based on 2D layered quantum materials.

SUBMITTER: Hu L

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5686209 | biostudies-literature | 2017 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Laser Thinning and Patterning of MoS<sub>2</sub> with Layer-by-Layer Precision.

Hu Lili L Shan Xinyan X Wu Yanling Y Zhao Jimin J Lu Xinghua X

Scientific reports 20171114 1

The recently discovered novel properties of two dimensional materials largely rely on the layer-critical variation in their electronic structure and lattice symmetry. Achieving layer-by-layer precision patterning is thus crucial for junction fabrications and device engineering, which hitherto poses an unprecedented challenge. Here we demonstrate laser thinning and patterning with layer-by-layer precision in a two dimensional (2D) quantum material MoS<sub>2</sub>. Monolayer, bilayer and trilayer ...[more]

PMID: 29138427

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Project description:ObjectiveTo investigate whether fibromyalgia induces axonal damage in the optic nerve that can be detected using optical coherence tomography (OCT), as the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) is atrophied in patients with fibromyalgia compared with controls.MethodsFibromyalgia patients (n = 116) and age-matched healthy controls (n = 144) were included in this observational and prospective cohort study. All subjects underwent visual acuity measurement and structural analysis of the RNFL using two OCT devices (Cirrus and Spectralis). Fibromyalgia patients were evaluated according to Giesecke's fibromyalgia subgroups, the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ), and the European Quality of Life-5 Dimensions (EQ5D) scale. We compared the differences between fibromyalgia patients and controls, and analyzed the correlations between OCT measurements, disease duration, fibromyalgia subgroups, severity, and quality of life. The impact on quality of life in fibromyalgia subgroups and in patients with different disease severity was also analyzed.ResultsA significant decrease in the RNFL was detected in fibromyalgia patients compared with controls using the two OCT devices: Cirrus OCT ganglion cell layer analysis registered a significant decrease in the minimum thickness of the inner plexiform layer (74.99±16.63 vs 79.36±3.38 ?m, respectively; p = 0.023), nasal inferior, temporal inferior and temporal superior sectors (p = 0.040; 0.011 and 0.046 respectively). The Glaucoma application of the Spectralis OCT revealed thinning in the nasal, temporal inferior and temporal superior sectors (p = 0.009, 0.006, and 0.002 respectively) of fibromyalgia patients and the Axonal application in all sectors, except the nasal superior and temporal sectors. The odds ratio (OR) to estimate the size effect of FM in RNFL thickness was 1.39. RNFL atrophy was detected in patients with FIQ scores <60 (patients in early disease stages) compared with controls in the temporal inferior sector (78.74±17.75 vs 81.65±3.61; p = 0.020) and the temporal superior sector (78.20±14.50 vs 80.74±3.88; p = 0.039) with Cirrus OCT; in the temporal inferior sector (145.85±24.32 vs 150.18±19.71; p = 0.012) and temporal superior sector (131.54±20.53 vs 138.13±16.67; p = 0.002) with the Glaucoma application of the Spectralis OCT; and in all sectors, except the average, nasal superior, and temporal sectors, and parameters with the Axonal application of the Spectralis OCT. Temporal inferior RNFL thickness was significantly reduced in patients with severe fibromyalgia (FIQ?60) compared with patients with mild fibromyalgia (FIQ<60; 145.85±24.32 vs 138.99±18.09 ?m, respectively; 145.43±13.21 vs 139.85±13.09 ?m, p = 0.032 with the Glaucoma application and p = 0.021 with the Axonal application). The subgroup with biologic fibromyalgia exhibited significant thinning in the temporal inferior and superior sectors (115.17±20.82 ?m and 117.05±24.19 ?m, respectively) compared with the depressive (130.83±22.97 ?m and 127.71±26.10 ?m, respectively) and atypical (128.60±26.54 ?m and 125.55±23.65 ?m, respectively) subgroups (p = 0.005 and 0.001 respectively).ConclusionsFibromyalgia causes subclinical axonal damage in the RNFL that can be detected using innocuous and non-invasive OCT, even in the early disease stages. The impact on the RNFL in the temporal sectors is greater in patients with biologic fibromyalgia, suggesting the presence of neurodegenerative processes in this subgroup of patients with fibromyalgia.

Project description:To compare the rates of retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) loss in patients suspected of having glaucoma who developed visual field damage (VFD) with those who did not develop VFD and to determine whether the rate of RNFL loss can be used to predict the development of VFD.Prospective, observational cohort study.Glaucoma suspects, defined as having glaucomatous optic neuropathy or ocular hypertension (intraocular pressure, >21 mmHg) without repeatable VFD at baseline, from the Diagnostic Innovations in Glaucoma Study and the African Descent and Glaucoma Evaluation Study.Global and quadrant RNFL thickness (RNFLT) were measured with the Spectralis spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT; Spectralis HRA+OCT [Heidelberg Engineering, Heidelberg, Germany]). Visual field damage was defined as having 3 consecutive abnormal visual fields. The rate of RNFL loss in eyes developing VFD was compared to eyes not developing VFD using multivariate linear mixed-effects models. A joint longitudinal survival model used the estimated RNFLT slope to predict the risk of developing VFD, while adjusting for potential confounding variables.The rate of RNFL thinning and the probability of developing VFD.Four hundred fifty-four eyes of 294 glaucoma suspects were included. The average number of SD-OCT examinations was 4.6 (range, 2-9), with median follow-up of 2.2 years (0.4-4.1 years). Forty eyes (8.8%) developed VFD. The estimated mean rate of global RNFL loss was significantly faster in eyes that developed VFD compared with eyes that did not develop VFD (-2.02 ?m/year vs. -0.82 ?m/year; P<0.001). The joint longitudinal survival model showed that each 1-?m/year faster rate of global RNFL loss corresponded to a 2.05-times higher risk of developing VFD (hazard ratio, 2.05; 95% confidence interval, 1.14-3.71; P = 0.017).The rate of global RNFL loss was more than twice as fast in eyes that developed VFD compared with eyes that did not develop VFD. A joint longitudinal survival model showed that a 1-?m/year faster rate of RNFLT loss corresponded to a 2.05-times higher risk of developing VFD. These results suggest that measuring the rate of SD-OCT RNFL loss may be a useful tool to help identify patients who are at a high risk of developing visual field loss.

Dataset Information

Laser Thinning and Patterning of MoS2 with Layer-by-Layer Precision.

Publications

Laser Thinning and Patterning of MoS<sub>2</sub> with Layer-by-Layer Precision.

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