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Topical anaesthesia reduces sensitivity of castration wounds in neonatal piglets.

ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to do determine the efficacy of the topical anaesthetic Tri-Solfen® in the amelioration of the pain of castration in piglets. The trial was conducted over a three day period, and blocked across six litters with 12 piglets treated on days one and two, and 16 on day three. The piglets were randomly allocated by weight and litter to 1 of 4 treatment groups: (i) sham castration (SHAM; n = 10); (ii) surgical castration with no anaesthetic intervention (CAST; n = 10); (iii) surgical castration with post-operative topical anaesthesia (TRI; n = 10); (iv) surgical castration with a pre-operative intra-testicular lignocaine hydrochloride injection (LIG; n = 10). Wound sensitivity testing involved von Frey monofilaments of weights 4g and 300g, and an 18 gauge needle, used to stimulate the wound and surrounding skin respectively, at various pre-determined sites. Neonatal piglets receiving topical anaesthesia (Tri-Solfen®) spray into castration wounds had significantly lower wound sensitivity responses for up to 4h, compared to those castrated following intra-testicular lignocaine injection or those with no treatment. The use of topical anaesthetic is suggested as a practical and affordable method of improving piglet welfare during castration.

SUBMITTER: Lomax S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5687763 | biostudies-literature | 2017

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Topical anaesthesia reduces sensitivity of castration wounds in neonatal piglets.

Lomax Sabrina S Harris Charissa C Windsor Peter A PA White Peter J PJ

PloS one 20171115 11

The aim of this study was to do determine the efficacy of the topical anaesthetic Tri-Solfen® in the amelioration of the pain of castration in piglets. The trial was conducted over a three day period, and blocked across six litters with 12 piglets treated on days one and two, and 16 on day three. The piglets were randomly allocated by weight and litter to 1 of 4 treatment groups: (i) sham castration (SHAM; n = 10); (ii) surgical castration with no anaesthetic intervention (CAST; n = 10); (iii) s ...[more]

PMID: 29140997

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Project description:BackgroundSince 01.01.2021, suckling piglets may no longer be castrated without anaesthesia in Germany. Previous studies showed castration using isoflurane anaesthesia in combination with a suitable analgesic, meet the requirements of the German Animal Welfare Act. It can be carried out independently by farmers and other qualified persons with an automated and certified isoflurane device. Therefore, the aim of the present field study was to implement the use of three different anaesthetic devices for surgical castration of male piglets under automated isoflurane anaesthesia on 15 conventional pig farms in southern Germany. In addition, the depth of anaesthesia based on defensive movements, the labour time required in contrast to anaesthetic-free castration, castration-related anaesthetic incidents and the piglet mortality rate as well as occupational safety were investigated. For this purpose, farrowing batches of 11,574 piglets castrated under isoflurane anaesthesia (IA) were compared with the results of the 1568 piglets of anaesthetic-free farrowing batches (AF).ResultsIn total, 80.1% of the castrated piglets showed sufficient depth of anaesthesia, although this varied significantly between devices. 1.7% of the piglets suffered an anaesthetic incident, of which 0.1% died during or within 24 h after anaesthesia. The required time for the complete working process differed significantly between AF (1.7 ± 0.8 min/piglet) and IA batches (2.2 ± 0.8 min/piglet) but not for castration itself. The mean isoflurane consumption was 0.57 ± 0.27 ml/piglet and differed significantly between the devices (p < 0.001). The isoflurane concentration in the ambient air of the person-related workplace safety measurements was below the internationally lowest value of 15 mg/m3 from Ontario and Israel.ConclusionIn conclusion, 2 of the 3 types of devices used, a sufficient depth of anaesthesia during castration under isoflurane was achieved in 85% of castrated piglets. Anaesthetic incidents occurred in 1.7% of the animals, of which 0.1% died. Castration under isoflurane is more time-consuming than anaesthetic-free castration, but the castration time itself did not differ significantly. The occupational exposure limits were below the internationally lowest limit value of 15 mg/m3 for the persons involved. Even though castration under isoflurane is more time consuming than anaesthetic-free castration, it is a well-establishable method for practice and a dear improvement for animal welfare.

Project description:Painful processing procedures in piglets such as tail docking, castration, and teeth clipping are an emerging animal welfare concern. We hypothesized that transmammary delivery of a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, firocoxib, would reduce pain associated with processing in piglets. This study compared the pharmacokinetics, efficacy, safety, and tissue residue concentrations of 4 doses of firocoxib (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, or 2.0 mg/kg) administered to sows and delivered to nursing piglets prior to processing. Sixteen sows, 5 ± 2 d postpartum, were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatment groups. On day 0, sows received a single intramuscular dose of firocoxib at 7 ± 1 h before piglet surgical castration, tail docking, and teeth clipping (males) or sham handling (females). Firocoxib and cortisol concentrations were determined from selected samples collected from sows and 3 piglets per litter (2 barrows and 1 gilt) at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 h after drug administration. On day 21, piglets were weighed and all animals were euthanized and necropsied. Tissues were collected from 3 piglets per litter for histological examination and drug residue analysis. Mean (±SEM) peak plasma firocoxib concentrations (Cmax) were 107.90 ± 15.18, 157.50 ± 24.91, 343.68 ± 78.89, and 452.83 ± 90.27 ng/mL in sows receiving 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 mg/kg firocoxib, respectively, and 9.53 ± 1.21, 31.04 ± 6.79, 53.30 ± 11.1, and 44.03 ± 7.47 ng/mL in their respective piglets. Mean plasma terminal half-life values ranged from 26 to 31 h in sows and 30 to 48 h in piglets. Barrows nursing sows that received 2.0 mg/kg firocoxib had a lower mean plasma cortisol concentration at 1 ± 1 h after processing compared with barrows nursing sows that received 1.0 mg/kg (P = 0.0416) and 0.5 mg/kg of firocoxib (P = 0.0397). From processing to weaning, litters of sows receiving 2.0 mg/kg firocoxib gained more weight than litters of sows that received 0.5 mg/kg (P = 0.008) or 1.0 mg/kg (P = 0.005). No signs of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug toxicity were observed on examination of the kidney, liver, stomach, and small intestine, and concentrations of firocoxib and the descyclopropylmethyl metabolite were below the limit of detection (0.01 µg/g) in all tissues examined from sows and piglets. These findings indicate that maternal delivery of firocoxib to suckling piglets before tail docking and castration may safely reduce processing-induced stress and enhance production by increasing weaning weights.

Project description:Current wound healing models generally employ full-thickness or irregular split wounds. Consequently, assessing the type of healing at varying wound depths and determining the deepest level at which wounds can regenerate has been a challenge. We describe a wound model that allows assessment of the healing process over a continuous gradient of wound depth, from epidermal to full-thickness dermal loss. Further, we investigate whether green fluorescent protein-labeled bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs/GFP) transplantation could regenerate deeper wounds that might otherwise lead to scar formation. A wound gradient was created on the back of 120 Sprague Dawley rats, which were randomized into the BM-MSCs/GFP and control group. These were further subdivided into 6 groups where terminal biopsies of the healing wounds were taken at days 1, 3, 5, 7, 14, and 21 post-operatively. At each observed time point, the experimental animals were anesthetized and photographed, and depending on the group, the animals euthanized and skin taken for rapid freezing, haemotoxylin and eosin staining, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) immunohistochemistry. We found the deepest layer to regenerate in the control group was at the level of the infundibulum apex, while in the BM-MSCs/GFP group this was deeper, at the opening site of sebaceous duct at hair follicle in which had the appearance of normal skin and less wound contraction than the control group (P value less than .05). The expression of VEGF in BM-MSCs/GFP group was higher than that in control group (P value less than .05). The number of vessels increased from 2.5 ± 0.2/phf of control group to 5.0 ± 0.3/phf of BM-MSCs/GFP (P value less than .05). The progressively deepening wound model we described can identify the type of wound repair at increasing depths. Further, topical transplantation of BM-MSCs/GFP significantly improved regeneration of deeper wounds from infundibulum apex (maximum depth of control group regeneration) to the opening site of sebaceous duct at hair follicle level.

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Topical anaesthesia reduces sensitivity of castration wounds in neonatal piglets.

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Topical anaesthesia reduces sensitivity of castration wounds in neonatal piglets.

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