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Interleukin 1? Is Critical for Resistance against Highly Virulent Aspergillus fumigatus Isolates.

ABSTRACT: Heterogeneity among Aspergillus fumigatus isolates results in unique virulence potential and inflammatory responses. How these isolates drive specific immune responses and how this affects fungally induced lung damage and disease outcome are unresolved. We demonstrate that the highly virulent CEA10 strain is able to rapidly germinate within the immunocompetent lung environment, inducing greater lung damage, vascular leakage, and interleukin 1? (IL-1?) release than the low-virulence Af293 strain, which germinates with a lower frequency in this environment. Importantly, the clearance of CEA10 was consequently dependent on IL-1?, in contrast to Af293. The release of IL-1? occurred by a caspase 1/11- and P2XR7-independent mechanism but was dependent on calpain activity. Our finding that early fungal conidium germination drives greater lung damage and IL-1?-dependent inflammation is supported by three independent experimental lines. First, pregermination of Af293 prior to in vivo challenge drives greater lung damage and an IL-1?-dependent neutrophil response. Second, the more virulent EVOL20 strain, derived from Af293, is able to germinate in the airways, leading to enhanced lung damage and IL-1?-dependent inflammation and fungal clearance. Third, primary environmental A. fumigatus isolates that rapidly germinate under airway conditions follow the same trend toward IL-1? dependency. Our data support the hypothesis that A. fumigatus phenotypic variation significantly contributes to disease outcomes.

SUBMITTER: Caffrey-Carr AK

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5695118 | biostudies-literature | 2017 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Interleukin 1α Is Critical for Resistance against Highly Virulent Aspergillus fumigatus Isolates.

Caffrey-Carr Alayna K AK Kowalski Caitlin H CH Beattie Sarah R SR Blaseg Nathan A NA Upshaw Chanell R CR Thammahong Arsa A Lust Hannah E HE Tang Yi-Wei YW Hohl Tobias M TM Cramer Robert A RA Obar Joshua J JJ

Infection and immunity 20171117 12

Heterogeneity among <i>Aspergillus fumigatus</i> isolates results in unique virulence potential and inflammatory responses. How these isolates drive specific immune responses and how this affects fungally induced lung damage and disease outcome are unresolved. We demonstrate that the highly virulent CEA10 strain is able to rapidly germinate within the immunocompetent lung environment, inducing greater lung damage, vascular leakage, and interleukin 1α (IL-1α) release than the low-virulence Af293 ...[more]

PMID: 28947643

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Project description:We have previously reported that mice deficient in the beta-glucan receptor Dectin-1 displayed increased susceptibility to Aspergillus fumigatus lung infection in the presence of lower interleukin 23 (IL-23) and IL-17A production in the lungs and have reported a role for IL-17A in lung defense. As IL-23 is also thought to control the production of IL-22, we examined the role of Dectin-1 in IL-22 production, as well as the role of IL-22 in innate host defense against A. fumigatus. Here, we show that Dectin-1-deficient mice demonstrated significantly reduced levels of IL-22 in the lungs early after A. fumigatus challenge. Culturing cells from enzymatic lung digests ex vivo further demonstrated Dectin-1-dependent IL-22 production. IL-22 production was additionally found to be independent of IL-1β, IL-6, or IL-18 but required IL-23. The addition of recombinant IL-23 augmented IL-22 production in wild-type (WT) lung cells and rescued IL-22 production by lung cells from Dectin-1-deficient mice. In vivo neutralization of IL-22 in the lungs of WT mice resulted in impaired A. fumigatus lung clearance. Moreover, mice deficient in IL-22 also demonstrated a higher lung fungal burden after A. fumigatus challenge in the presence of impaired IL-1α, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), CCL3/MIP-1α, and CCL4/MIP-1β production and lower neutrophil recruitment, yet intact IL-17A production. We further show that lung lavage fluid collected from both A. fumigatus-challenged Dectin-1-deficient and IL-22-deficient mice had compromised anti-fungal activity against A. fumigatus in vitro. Although lipocalin 2 production was observed to be Dectin-1 and IL-22 dependent, lipocalin 2-deficient mice did not demonstrate impaired A. fumigatus clearance. Moreover, lung S100a8, S100a9, and Reg3g mRNA expression was not lower in either Dectin-1-deficient or IL-22-deficient mice. Collectively, our results indicate that early innate lung defense against A. fumigatus is mediated by Dectin-1-dependent IL-22 production.

Dataset Information

Interleukin 1? Is Critical for Resistance against Highly Virulent Aspergillus fumigatus Isolates.

Publications

Interleukin 1α Is Critical for Resistance against Highly Virulent Aspergillus fumigatus Isolates.

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