Dataset Information

Scallop genome reveals molecular adaptations to semi-sessile life and neurotoxins.

ABSTRACT: Bivalve molluscs are descendants of an early-Cambrian lineage superbly adapted to benthic filter feeding. Adaptations in form and behavior are well recognized, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are largely unknown. Here, we investigate the genome, various transcriptomes, and proteomes of the scallop Chlamys farreri, a semi-sessile bivalve with well-developed adductor muscle, sophisticated eyes, and remarkable neurotoxin resistance. The scallop's large striated muscle is energy-dynamic but not fully differentiated from smooth muscle. Its eyes are supported by highly diverse, intronless opsins expanded by retroposition for broadened spectral sensitivity. Rapid byssal secretion is enabled by a specialized foot and multiple proteins including expanded tyrosinases. The scallop uses hepatopancreas to accumulate neurotoxins and kidney to transform to high-toxicity forms through expanded sulfotransferases, probably as deterrence against predation, while it achieves neurotoxin resistance through point mutations in sodium channels. These findings suggest that expansion and mutation of those genes may have profound effects on scallop's phenotype and adaptation.

SUBMITTER: Li Y

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5700196 | biostudies-literature | 2017 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Scallop genome reveals molecular adaptations to semi-sessile life and neurotoxins.

Li Yuli Y Sun Xiaoqing X Hu Xiaoli X Xun Xiaogang X Zhang Jinbo J Guo Ximing X Jiao Wenqian W Zhang Lingling L Liu Weizhi W Wang Jing J Li Ji J Sun Yan Y Miao Yan Y Zhang Xiaokang X Cheng Taoran T Xu Guoliang G Fu Xiaoteng X Wang Yangfan Y Yu Xinran X Huang Xiaoting X Lu Wei W Lv Jia J Mu Chuang C Wang Dawei D Li Xu X Xia Yu Y Li Yajuan Y Yang Zhihui Z Wang Fengliang F Zhang Lu L Xing Qiang Q Dou Huaiqian H Ning Xianhui X Dou Jinzhuang J Li Yangping Y Kong Dexu D Liu Yaran Y Jiang Zhi Z Li Ruiqiang R Wang Shi S Bao Zhenmin Z

Nature communications 20171123 1

Bivalve molluscs are descendants of an early-Cambrian lineage superbly adapted to benthic filter feeding. Adaptations in form and behavior are well recognized, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are largely unknown. Here, we investigate the genome, various transcriptomes, and proteomes of the scallop Chlamys farreri, a semi-sessile bivalve with well-developed adductor muscle, sophisticated eyes, and remarkable neurotoxin resistance. The scallop's large striated muscle is energy-dynamic but ...[more]

PMID: 29167427

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Project description:BackgroundHaving conquered water surfaces worldwide, the semi-aquatic bugs occupy ponds, streams, lakes, mangroves, and even open oceans. The diversity of this group has inspired a range of scientific studies from ecology and evolution to developmental genetics and hydrodynamics of fluid locomotion. However, the lack of a representative water strider genome hinders our ability to more thoroughly investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the processes of adaptation and diversification within this group.ResultsHere we report the sequencing and manual annotation of the Gerris buenoi (G. buenoi) genome; the first water strider genome to be sequenced thus far. The size of the G. buenoi genome is approximately 1,000 Mb, and this sequencing effort has recovered 20,949 predicted protein-coding genes. Manual annotation uncovered a number of local (tandem and proximal) gene duplications and expansions of gene families known for their importance in a variety of processes associated with morphological and physiological adaptations to a water surface lifestyle. These expansions may affect key processes associated with growth, vision, desiccation resistance, detoxification, olfaction and epigenetic regulation. Strikingly, the G. buenoi genome contains three insulin receptors, suggesting key changes in the rewiring and function of the insulin pathway. Other genomic changes affecting with opsin genes may be associated with wavelength sensitivity shifts in opsins, which is likely to be key in facilitating specific adaptations in vision for diverse water habitats.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that local gene duplications might have played an important role during the evolution of water striders. Along with these findings, the sequencing of the G. buenoi genome now provides us the opportunity to pursue exciting research opportunities to further understand the genomic underpinnings of traits associated with the extreme body plan and life history of water striders.

Dataset Information

Scallop genome reveals molecular adaptations to semi-sessile life and neurotoxins.

Publications

Scallop genome reveals molecular adaptations to semi-sessile life and neurotoxins.

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