Dataset Information

Stable Hydrothermal Waves at Steady State Evaporating Droplet Surface.

ABSTRACT: Stable hydrothermal waves (HTWs) are found at a sessile ethanol droplet surface under the steady state evaporation. It is different from those which greatly decrease with the evaporation time in the transient droplet drying process. This study removes the possible effect of shrinking droplet on HTWs. An analysis of the dimensionless numbers indicates the increasingly enhanced role of thermocapillary instabilities upon raising the substrate temperature. The onset HTWs can be continuously maintained under the steady state evaporation conditions. Interestingly, the stable number of HTWs follows a linear fitting with the dimensionless factor incorporating the normalized temperature difference between the substrate and the surroundings and the droplet aspect ratio. The temperature heterogeneity of HTWs is intensified by increasing the substrate temperature. The stable HTWs exhibit the "one source-to-one sink" propagation at lower substrate temperatures. However, such directional traveling, normally presented in the transient HTWs in the drying droplet, is changed at the higher substrate temperatures due to the newly emerged sources and sinks under the steady state conditions.

SUBMITTER: Zhong X

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5701263 | biostudies-literature | 2017 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Stable Hydrothermal Waves at Steady State Evaporating Droplet Surface.

Zhong Xin X Duan Fei F

Scientific reports 20171124 1

Stable hydrothermal waves (HTWs) are found at a sessile ethanol droplet surface under the steady state evaporation. It is different from those which greatly decrease with the evaporation time in the transient droplet drying process. This study removes the possible effect of shrinking droplet on HTWs. An analysis of the dimensionless numbers indicates the increasingly enhanced role of thermocapillary instabilities upon raising the substrate temperature. The onset HTWs can be continuously maintain ...[more]

PMID: 29176661

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Project description:The effects of steady-state faldaprevir on the safety, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of steady-state methadone and buprenorphine-naloxone were assessed in 34 healthy male and female subjects receiving stable addiction management therapy. Subjects continued receiving a stable oral dose of either methadone (up to a maximum dose of 180 mg per day) or buprenorphine-naloxone (up to a maximum dose of 24 mg-6 mg per day) and also received oral faldaprevir (240 mg) once daily (QD) for 8 days following a 480-mg loading dose. Serial blood samples were taken for pharmacokinetic analysis. The pharmacodynamics of the opioid maintenance regimens were evaluated by the objective and subjective opioid withdrawal scales. Coadministration of faldaprevir with methadone or buprenorphine-naloxone resulted in geometric mean ratios for the steady-state area under the concentration-time curve from 0 to 24 h (AUC(0-24,ss)), the steady-state maximum concentration of the drug in plasma (C(max,ss)), and the steady-state concentration of the drug in plasma at 24 h (C(24,ss)) of 0.92 to 1.18 for (R)-methadone, (S)-methadone, buprenorphine, norbuprenorphine, and naloxone, with 90% confidence intervals including, or very close to including, 1.00 (no effect), suggesting a limited overall effect of faldaprevir. Although individual data showed moderate variability in the exposures between subjects and treatments, there was no evidence of symptoms of opiate overdose or withdrawal either during the coadministration of faldaprevir with methadone or buprenorphine-naloxone or after faldaprevir dosing was stopped. Similar faldaprevir exposures were observed in the methadone- and buprenorphine-naloxone-treated subjects. In conclusion, faldaprevir at 240 mg QD can be coadministered with methadone or buprenorphine-naloxone without dose adjustment, although given the relatively narrow therapeutic windows of these agents, monitoring for opiate overdose and withdrawal may still be appropriate. (This study has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under registration no. NCT01637922.).

Dataset Information

Stable Hydrothermal Waves at Steady State Evaporating Droplet Surface.

Publications

Stable Hydrothermal Waves at Steady State Evaporating Droplet Surface.

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